应急管理中志愿失灵研究 ——以汶川地震为例.pdfVIP

中文摘要 近年来自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件、经济危机等突发事件频 繁发生。如何成功应对各类突发事件越来越受到关注。政府作为公权力的代表，毋庸置疑 在应急管理中发挥主导作用。然而，由于突发事件的不可预见性、不确定性及破坏性，光 靠政府力量来应对显然是不够的，社会的资源和力量应该得到充分地整合和利用。当前我 国正处于经济社会转型期，公民意识开始觉醒并迅速得到释放，社会公众希望以志愿服务 的形式参与到政府的应急管理中。然而，目前我国的应急志愿服务带有明显的运动式、盲 目性、业余性的特征，志愿失灵问题伴随而生，应急志愿服务难以发挥预期的作用。因此， 如何构建应急志愿服务体系，建设长期性、专业性、系统性的应急志愿服务，是本文将要 探讨的问题。 文章主要分为四个部分：第一部分是对志愿失灵问题的提出，形成研究思路及框架。 第二部分首先对应急管理和志愿失灵的相关概念进行说明和界定，然后从市场失灵、政府 失灵的角度解析志愿失灵的理论逻辑及其治理。第三部分以汶川地震为例进行志愿失灵研 究，并结合一般性分析阐述我国应急管理中志愿失灵问题。第四部分借鉴台湾和日本在应 急志愿服务建设上的经验，从构建我国的应急志愿服务体系角度进行思考，提出一些具体 的建议。 关键词：突发事件；应急管理；志愿失灵 I Abstract In recent years public emergencies occur frequently, such as natural disasters, accidents disasters, public health securities, social security incidents, economic crises and so on. How to deal with different kinds of public emergency successfully is getting more and more attention. Government, as the representatives of public authority, is no doubt to play a leading role in emergency management. However, public emergencies’ unpredictable and destructive making government forces insufficient, which means that social resources and strength should be fully integrated and utilized. At present, China is in the economic and social transition, Civic awareness is awakening and releasing quickly; the public would like to take part in the governments emergency management by giving voluntary service. But the volunteer emergency services is obvious movable, blind and amateur, the problem about voluntary failure accompany occur, and volunteer emergency services couldnt play its role as expected. Therefore, this paper will mainly discuss on how to build a long-term, professional and systema