我国行业协会建构技术性贸易壁垒法律问题研究.pdfVIP

中文摘要 国际贸易中的技术性贸易壁垒，是进口国单纯以限制进口、保护国内贸易为目的，而 设置的过于苛刻的、不合理的技术法规、技术标准以及合格评定程序。为了消除技术性贸 易壁垒对国际贸易的负面影响，国际社会制定了《技术性贸易壁垒协定》及其配套措施对 其加以规制，但由于这些规则中法律漏洞的存在，仍给技术性贸易壁垒留有了制度层面的 生存空间。 行业协会建构技术性贸易壁垒，主要是通过制定行业标准并使该行业标准取得对外约 束力或者行业协会在其主管的合格评定程序中设置障碍这两种方式所达到的。此种技术性 贸易壁垒的建构方式在主体上具有法律优越性，可以较少地受到WTO规则的限制。 在我国，由于对行业协会法律定位不清等限制性因素的存在，制约了我国行业协会此 项作用的发挥，严重削弱了我国在对外贸易中的自我保护力度。发达国家行业协会建构技 术性贸易壁垒的先进经验给了我们很多启示，我国应在借鉴发达国家先进经验的基础上， 结合自身国情，通过制定与修改相关法律,以在法律中强调行业协会在贸易措施壁垒化中 的重要主体地位，并确立快捷的标准制定与修改程序，从而实现我国法律对此类技术性贸 易壁垒建构的应有支持与对民族产业最大限度的保护。 关键词：行业协会；技术性贸易壁垒；建构 I Abstract The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) are harsh and unreasonable technical regulations, technical standards and conformity assessment procedures, which are found up to restrict imports and protect domestic trade. In order to eliminate TBT, the international society drew up the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) and the correlative measures. But because of the legal loophole, the TBT still have chance to exist. Industry association sets up the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), mainly through the way of making out the professional standards or taking some measures in the assessment procedure, which has the advantage in the aspect of law. But in China, the legal place of the industry association is not very clear, which seriously prevents our industry association from taking a important role in the action to set up TBT. The advanced experience of the industry association from developed countries gives us a lot of enlightenment. For instance, the law should give the industry association enough freedom and power to set up TBT, the industry association should make up the standards neatly and modify them in time. Besides these things, we should dra