知识产权和南北贸易外文翻译.docVIP

外文翻译 原文 Intellectual Property Rights and North-South Trade Material Source: National Bureau of Economic Research Author：Judith C. Chin and Gene N. Grossman ABSTRACT We study the incentive that a government in the South has to protect the intellectual property rights of Northern firms, and the consequences of the decision taken by the South for welfare in the North and for efficiency of the world equilibrium. We conduct our analysia in the context of a competition between a single Northern producer and a single Southern producer selling some good to an integrated world market. In this competition, only the Northern firm has the ability to conduct RD in order to lower its production costs, but the Southern firm can imitate coatleasly if patent protection for proceaa innovationa is not enforced by the government of the South. We find that the interests of the North and the South generally conflict in the matter of protection of intellectual property, with the South benefitting from the ability to pirate technology and the North harmed by such actions. A strong system of intellectual property rights may or may not enhance world efficiency. I. Introduction The issue of intellectual property rights has become a contentious one indeed in recent trade relations between North and South. In the North, producers of new knowledge and ideas rely on protection in the forms of patents, copyrights and trademarks to enable them to appropriate some of the benefits from investment in research and development. The Northern governments have responded to pleas for assistance from their corporate sectors in the face of billions of dollars of lost revenue and profits from piracy and counterfeiting by applying pressure on the South to provide greater enforcement of property rights and by pushing for new codes of international behavior. At the urging of the United States, for example, the parties to the GATT established as one of the fourteen negotiating groups of the Uruguay Round one charg