句子翻译主语与谓语的确定.docVIP

句子翻译: 主语与谓语的确定 汉语为语意型语言, 注重意会性.因此汉语的语法特征是: 主语可以有诸多不同类别的词语充当,主语隐含不显或无主句的情况时常可见;谓语的成分非常复杂,且不受主语支配, 没有人称,数,时态的变化; 句子见多无逻辑关联词. 所以句子看似松散,如流水般无定法可依.(SUBJECT-PROMINENT LANGUAGE) 英语为语法型语言,注重形式的严谨, 其句法特征是: 主语突出,易于识别,只能由名词或名词性短语担任;谓语绝对受主语支配, 在人称和数上保持一致,有时态语态和语气变化;句子间多以明示逻辑关系的连接词相连.所以英语依法构句,形式完整而严密.(SUBJECY-PREDICATE PIVOT) 主语的确定 方法一: 以原句主语为译文主语 然而悲惨的皱纹,却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了.(鲁迅全集第二卷, 杨宪益,戴乃迭译) Miserable wrinkles bagan to appear between his eyebrows and round his mouth. 如果说,词汇是语言的”建筑材料”,那么句子便是文章的 ”基本部件”. (朱伯石写作与语言, 李定坤译) If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writings. 中国有两点是靠的住的,一是讲原则,二是说话算数.(邓小平) China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. 人有失错,马有漏蹄 As a horse may tumble, so a man may make mistakes. 欢乐 的人群宛如大海的波涛,从街道上汹涌而过. The jubilant crowd surged through the streets like the sea waves. 方法二:重新确定主语 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的, 他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨,这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格. Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples. 幸亏这些青年妇女,白洋淀长大的,她们摇的小船飞快.小船活象开了水皮的一条打跳的梭鱼 (孙犁荷花淀,戴乃迭译) it was lucky that all these young wives had grown up by the river: their boat went like the wind. It shot forward like some flying fish, hardly skimming the water. 他的身材魁梧,生一副大长方脸, 嘴巴阔大,肌肤呈着紫檀色.(吴强红日, A.C.BARNS译) He was a giant of a man with a long square face, a wide mouth and a complexion suffused with the color of red sandalwood. 1946年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹, 使世界大为震惊. China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world.(better version) In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world greatly. 胎又瘪了. We’ve got another flat tyre. 树缝里也陋着一两点路灯光,没精打采的,是渴睡人的眼.(朱自清河塘夜色,杨宪益,戴乃迭译) Here and there a few rays from street-lamps filtered through the trees, listless as the eye of one who is dozing. 人不可貌相,海水不可斗量. it is impossible to judge people from their appearance,