结冰飞行动力学特性与包线保护控制律研究.docVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文  摘  要  本文对结冰飞行动力学特性及智能防冰系统中的包线保护控制律设 计问题进行了研究。首先，回顾了国内外在飞机结冰方面的研究情况，对 飞机在飞行中的结冰条件、结冰类型、结冰参数以及结冰对气动特性的影 响进行了分析讨论。其次，介绍了飞机容冰技术的发展方向，即智能防冰 系统的设计思想、组成及功能。在此基础上，建立了简化的飞机结冰气动 模型，以描述结冰对气动参数的影响；给出了结冰飞行包线保护系统的基 本原理及实现方法，在计算确定结冰飞行包线后，对于人工驾驶、自动驾 驶飞行两种情况，分别设计了开环、闭环飞行包线保护控制律，保证飞机 在安全飞行包线内沿着预定的航线飞行。最后，建立了结冰飞行仿真模型 及软件，并进行飞行包线保护的仿真计算。为了实现结冰飞行包线保护， 本文还对结冰飞机气动参数的辨识方法进行了初步探讨。 研究结果表明，结冰飞行包线保护系统将极大增强飞机容冰能力，保 证飞机在各种结冰情况下的飞行安全，在下一代民机的研制中起到一定的 作用。 关键词： 飞机容冰技术，智能防冰系统，结冰气动模型， 结冰飞行包线保护，结冰飞行仿真，气动参数辨识 i 结冰飞行动力学特性与包线保护控制律研究 ABSTRACT Aircraft flight dynamic and envelope protection control law in Smart Icing System are researched in this thesis. Firstly, the study about flight icing is reviewed at the beginning. The condition of icing accretion, the style of icing accretion, the parameters of icing accretion in flight, and the influence of icing accretion on the aerodynamic characteristics of an airplane are analyzed. Secondly, the development of aircraft icing avoidance technique, namely, the design idea, composing and function of Smart Icing System are introduced. On the basis of these, a simplified iced aerodynamics model is established, describes the effects of aircraft icing on aerodynamic parameters. Main principle and implement method of Iced Aircraft Envelope Protection system are proposed. After ascertain iced aircraft envelope, for pilot and autopilot, open-loop and close-loop aircraft envelope protection control law respective designed, ensure the aircraft will efficiently follow the flight path specified by the pilot in the safe-flight envelope. Finally, iced aircraft simulation model is established, and aircraft envelope protection simulations are implemented. For realize iced aircraft envelope protection, the means of iced aircraft aerodynamic parameter identification is also preliminarily discussed in the thesis. Simulation results demonstrate that Iced Aircraft Envelope Protection is capable of successfully avoiding incidents and accidents during flight in icing