骨折载荷治疗仪的研究与开发.doc

摘  要  骨折是一种常见的外科疾病，而其愈合又是一个高度复杂的再生过程，如何促进 骨折愈合一直是临床医学研究的重大课题。研究证实振动应力可以促进骨折愈合，加 速康复，同时对老年骨质疏松症有康复保健作用。一般认为在骨折复位固定一周后对 骨折部位施以十五到三十分钟、强度为自身体重的 1/4 到 1/3、频率为 0.5 到 3Hz 的 轴向振动较为合适。 本文首次基于上述理论研制骨折载荷治疗仪。治疗仪采用便携式，卧床为木质板 状结构，通过组合组件与普通病床配合使用。目前国内使用的专用牵引床难以实现上 肢骨折患者的牵引治疗，文中设计的躯体固定装置利用丝杆推动，可以较好地完成上 下肢的牵引与固定。 文中利用电磁铁的吸合与释放产生振动，通过改变线圈中电流的大小改变振动强 度，通过控制电流的通断改变振动的频率和振幅。用以确定电磁铁主要尺寸和相关参 数关系的基本方程包括电磁吸力方程式，磁势方程式和电压方程式，此外还有用以限 制电磁铁取值范围的关系式等，文中分别作了讨论。在理论分析的基础上以麦克斯韦 电磁吸力计算公式为依据设计了治疗仪的专用电磁铁，经过验算证明设计合理。利用 等效逻辑图分析了 555 定时器的工作原理，通过对其外接相应容阻元件设计了频率和 行程控制电路。 关键词：骨折 振动应力 固定架 电磁铁 555 定时器  II Abstract Fracture is a familiar surgical disease, its concrescence is a complicated regeneration process, how to promote its concrescence is a fatal research problem. It has been approved that vibration stress can promote fracture concrescence and accelerate its healing, and it is beneficial for healing and health care of osteoporosis. Generally the axial vibration should be implemented a week after reposition and fixation of fracture, action time is 15 to 30 minutes, the intension is about 1/4 to 1/3 of the avoirdupois of the patient, and the frequency about 0.5 to 3 Hz is better. The paper develops strain therapy instrument of fracture based on the former theory for the first time. It is portable, its bed adopts flat shape and woodiness, used with the normal sickbed by combination subassembly. It is difficult for the special traction table to cure fracture of upper limbs in our country today, the body fixation device designed here drives by snail, which can fulfill the traction and fixation of upper and lower limbs preferably. The vibration is produced by the suction and release of electrom agent, its intension is changed along with the alter of the current in loop, the frequency and swing is changed by controlling the open and close of the current. The basal equations, which can decide the relations between the dimensions and the correlative parameters of electrom agent, conclude electromagnetic