视力与对比敏感度.pptVIP

常用的视力记录与计算 分数F 20/20 20/40 小数V 1.0 0.5 视角(最小分辨角)a=1/F=1/V 1’ 2’ 最小分辨角的对数表达（Log MAR）=Log a 0 0.3 Log V=-Log a 0 -0.3 5分制L=5+Log V=5-Log a 5.0 4.7 平均视力：一般可采用Log MAR和5分制视力取平均值 视力与对比敏感度在白内障中的应用 季樱红 张斌 卢奕 Visual angle 1 circle=360°( degree) 1 °(degree)=60′ (arc minute) 1′( arc minute)=60″ (arc second) Visual angle 设计检查距离为５m，视标对眼形成的张角为5分，则视标的高度H为： 常规检查距离：美国定为20feet（h’=8.839mm），在欧洲的一些国家定在６m 分数 20/20，20/40或6/6， 6/12 小数符号　1.0，0.5 最小分辨角　MAR＝１minarc；MAR＝２minarc； 最小分辨角的对数表达(logMAR)：视力是20／20(6／6)时，MAR＝１minarc，则logMAR＝lg1.0＝0.0；视力是20／40(6／12)时，MAR＝2minarc，则lg2.0＝0.30 Definition of visual acuity Minimum distinguishable (minimum visible) Minimum separable Minimum cognizable (or legible). Minimum distinguishable (minimum visible) To see something as being distinguishable from the background For a point the expected resolution is 10 to 35 seconds of arc For a line may vary from .44 to 10 seconds depending on the width. LUMINANCE AND CONTRAST AFFECT THIS TYPE OF VA Minimum separable acuity To determine if a group of targets are separate and distinct. Grating Vernier Grating: a minimum difference of 52 to 64 seconds of arc Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) Space Frequency (SF) Contrast=(Lmax-Lmin)/(Lmax+Lmin) Contrast Sensitivity=1/Contrast 20/20, 1 cycle/2’ 相当于SF=30 cycle/degree Contrast=100% SF=6 cpd Contrast=10% Contrast=50% Contrast=100% SF=18 cpd Contrast=10% Contrast=50% Contrast=100% 100% 0% 对比度(%) 空间频率 Vernier: to distinguish between two lines placed end-to-end with one laterally displaced. more sensitive (2 to 12 seconds of arc) Minimum cognizable or legible To be able to separate and distinguish forms. ( letters and numbers) Snellen letter: Snellen acuity is based on the theory that the minimum a