关于韩国保健福利政策现状研究.docVIP

关于韩国保健福利政策现状的研究 A Study on the Present Situation of the Korean Health Welfare Policy 李炫知 洪胜杓 Hyun-Ji Lee Seung-Pyo Hong* 启明大学校（韩国） Faculty of Liberal Education, University of Keimyung, Republic of Korea Department of Sociology, University of Keimyung, College of Social Science, Republic of Korea 中图分类号：R179.322 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1818－0086（2008）02 ?? In this study, the current situation of the Korean health welfare policy is reviewed. The health welfare policy is directly related to the level of life quality of the constituents of society. The modern society has achieved the rapid development of medical technology. But the alienated people who can not receive the medical care is formed by the economic inequality. Therefore, the level of the health welfare policy of a country is a good index to decide whether the country is an advanced country or not. In this sense, a study on the current situation of Korean health welfare policy is meaningful. ?? In this paper, the following contents are investigated. First, the trend of the budget of the Ministry of Health and Welfare is reviewed. Next, the ratio of the budget of social security and social welfare among the government total budget is examined. Finally, the current situation of the Korean health welfare is reviewed through the trend of public medical expenses and public social security and welfare expenses. Key words: health welfare, medical expenses, social welfare, health insurance, social security 1序言 增进国民的福祉是当今大多数的国家包括韩国所追求的共同的目的。尽管韩国属于以资本主义市场经济为基础的国家，但社会的福利事业并不是完全受到市场的支配，而是由政府来推进国家福利。贫富差距的增大不仅导致贫困阶层的诸多问题，而且导致整个社会的不稳定。可以说，一个健康的社会不仅要适当的削弱贫富差距，还要增进所有社会成员的生活水平的提高。因此福利政策的完善程度已成为衡量一个国家发达程度的一个重要的标准。当今的国家都试图完善社会福利政策，并努力扩大国家福利的受惠对象。 韩国的社会福利政策的建立和完善经历了一个漫长的过程。1962年国家制定和实施了作为韩国最初福利政策的生活保障法。该法律一方面由国家来保障人们的最低生活需求，另一方面还鼓励人们走向自立。1963年国家制定了体现韩国最初社会保险制度的工业灾害赔偿保险法。同年还制定社会保障法，在制度的层面上帮助贫民实现自立。从此，国家制定和实施了许多的福利政策。例如，1973年和1976年分别制定了国民福利退休金法和医疗保险法。当然这两个法律并非一制定出来就马上付诸实践。就国民福利退休金法而言，它在制定之初并没有得到多数国民的支持，再加上当时的经济状况还没达到把资金投入到老年退休金的程度