农药厂土壤环境甲胺磷降解菌群落特征的研究.docVIP

农药厂土壤环境甲胺磷降解菌的群落特征研究( 官雪芳1,2 刘波1* 林斌2 徐庆贤2 林抗美1 马丽娜1 （1 福建省农科院农业生物资源研究所，2 福建省农科院农业工程技术研究所,福建 福州350003） 摘要: 对福建省福农生化有限公司排污口污泥,沟中污泥及周边草坪中的土壤的甲胺磷降解菌进行分离鉴定，共得到22个属、28个种及67株菌株，对甲胺磷降解菌的生境分布特征进行分析，发现在沟中污泥中可分离到的降解菌有8个属、12个种和35株菌株，其分离到的种类和数量最多；而在各类降解菌中，芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属分别有21、19株,占到分离到菌总量的60%,其中的蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）和恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）可在以上三种生镜中大量存在。 关键词: 甲胺磷 降解 群落特征 Study on community characteristics for methamidoghos degradation bacteria in the soil environment in the pesticide factory GUAN Xuefang1,2, LIU Bo1*,LIN Bin2, XU Qingxian2, LIN Kangmei1, MA Lina1 (1 Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, 2Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology; Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou,350003, China ) Abstrat: To study communitics characteristics for methamidoghos degradation bacteria, 11 soil samples of sewage outfall, groove, and surrounding land in Fujian Fu-Nong Biochemistry Co., Ltd were collected to isolate the methamidoghos degrading bacteria. 67 bacterial stains were isolated by using selective media containing with the high concentration of Methamidoghos and identified by fatty-aicd analysis. The bacteria were classified into 22 genera. Based on the investigation on the distribution of degrading bacteria in 3 different types growth environment, it showed that 35 bacterial stains belonged to 8 genera. The amount of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains were 21 and 19, accounted to 60 percent of total, the Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida could grow in anywhere of the sampling sites in the soils of the factory. Key word: Methamidophos, degrading bacterium, Bacterium community 甲胺磷是一种广谱、高效、剧毒的有机磷杀虫剂[1]，由于这一特点,其在农业生产中被普遍应用，近年来其产量和用量均居国内诸农药首位[2]。其广泛使用造成的环境污染如引起的水质和土壤污染已严重地破坏了生态平衡；造成的食品污染问题已直接危害到人畜健康、威胁人类生存和可持续发展，并成为发达国家设置贸易壁垒的重要手段[3]，因此治理此类污染已刻不容缓[4]。微生物是导致环境中有机磷农药降解的主要方式，它可以通过矿化作用、共代谢作用、种间协同代谢等作用机理将有机磷农药降解，从而达到对农药污染的修复[5-6]。自然界中能分解甲胺磷的微生物系有细菌、放线菌、酵母、霉菌、藻类等，尤以细菌为多,目前已有不少学者进行甲胺磷降解菌的筛选及降解特性的研究工作，并筛选到不少对甲胺磷有较高降解作用的菌株，如假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌、曲霉、青霉菌、黑曲霉