土壤水分对幼龄桉树蒸腾和生长影响.docVIP

文章编号：1008-181X（2001）04-0285-04 土壤水分对幼龄桉树蒸腾和生长的影响 廖观荣，钟继洪，郭庆荣，廖新荣，李淑仪，蓝佩玲 （广东省生态环境与土壤研究所，广东 广州 510650） 摘要：通过盆栽试验，研究不同土壤水分对幼龄桉树蒸腾和生长的影响。结果表明，土壤含水量越高，桉树蒸腾量越大。随着桉树增长，植株蒸腾量逐月增大，但蒸腾强度却逐月下降，说明桉树叶面积增长速度，大于蒸腾量增长速度。不同土壤水分条件下桉树的蒸腾量、蒸腾时间长短和最大蒸腾量出现的时间不同。水分亏缺对桉树的影响是多方面的，外观表现为幼嫩枝梢萎蔫，分枝少、叶片少、叶面积下降、叶色变深、变暗，植株下部叶子叶尖枯死；生理上表现为气孔导度降低，阻力增大，气孔关闭，光合速率降低，养分吸收量减少。总的影响是生长量显著降低。在试验条件下，桉树每生产1 kg干物质所付出的蒸腾耗水量与土壤水分有关，土壤干旱时桉树的水分利用效率最低。 关键词：桉树；蒸腾量；蒸腾强度；土壤水分；水分利用效率 中图分类号：S152.7; Q948.11 文献标识码：A Effects of soil water on transpiration and growth of young eucalyptus LIAO Guan-rong, ZHONG Ji-hong, GUO Qing-rong, LIAO Xin-rong, LI Shu-yi, LAN Pei-ling ( Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650 ) Abstract: By pot-experiment, the effects of soil water on transpiration anf growth of young eucalyptus are studied. Results show that the more high soil water content, the more transpiration capacity of eucalyptus. With the growth of the trees, the transpiration capacity increases monthly, but the transpiration intensity decreases, indicating that the growth rate of foliar area is larger than the increase rate of transpiration capacity. Under the different soil water conditions, the transpiration capacity, transpiration time length and the time of maximum transpiration capacity occurring are different. Soil water deficiency affects eucalyptus in many ways, resulting in evidently decreased growth amount in the end. The results also show that during soil drought, the efficiency of water application of eucalyptus is minimum. Key words: eucalyptus; transpiration capacity; transpiration intensity; soil water; efficiency of water application 水分的重要性，首先表现在数量上，它占大多数草本植物各部位鲜质量的80%~90%和木本植物鲜质量的50%以上。刚果W5桉（Eucalgptus ABL12W5）的叶片含水量为511.3~575.2 g/kg，主茎为595.4~700.4 g/kg，枝条为614.3~643.7 g/kg，根系为589.9~622.5 g/kg。本文在研究砖红壤水分动态变化[1]的基础上，探索土壤水分对桉树（刚果W5）蒸腾和生长的影响。 1 材料和方法 1.1 盆栽试验 本试验选用外径50 cm，高35 cm，外表上釉、陶质栽盆。每盆装土50 kg，分层稍压实，（体积质量为1.6 mg/m3） cm土时,先将土与200 g桉树一号专用肥混匀后再装填。按试验要求调好土壤含水量，每盆栽一棵茎粗和