深基坑变形观测的方法及误差分析.docVIP

深基坑变形观测的方法及误差分析 　　摘要：随着城市建设的高速发展，高层建筑越来越多，基坑工程施工朝着开挖深、工作面窄、周边房屋及地下管线近的特点发展。当前，基坑工程监测与设计、施工同被列为深基坑工程质量安全保证的三大基本要素。一方面，现场监测提供动态信息来指导施工全过程，并可通过监测数据来验证基坑设计的科学性，为今后降低工程成本、提高基坑安全性提供设计依据。另一方面，现场监测可及时预报和发现险情的发生及险情的发展程度，为及时采取安全补救措施提供有力技术依据。所以说，基坑工程监测已成了工程建设必不可少的重要环节，同时也是指导正确施工，避免安全事故发生的必要措施，是一种信息技术。本文将对深基坑变形观测的方法及误差分析做深入探讨。 　　关键词：深基坑；变形观测；误差；观测精度；全站仪 　　Abstract: with the rapid development of urban construction, more and more high-rise buildings in the excavation of deep foundation pit engineering construction, narrow face, the characteristics of the surrounding buildings and underground pipelines nearly development. At present, the foundation pit engineering monitoring is listed as one of deep foundation pit engineering with the design and construction quality and safety guarantee of the three basic elements. On the one hand, field monitoring to provide dynamic information to guide the construction process, and with the monitoring data to verify the scientific nature of the foundation pit design, reduce the engineering cost, increasing the safety of the foundation pit for the future to provide design basis. Field monitoring, on the other hand, can timely forecast and found that the occurrence of danger and risk degree of development, safe to take timely remedial measures to provide strong technical basis. So the foundation pit engineering monitoring has become a construction essential important link, is also to guide the construction correctly, the necessary measures to avoid safety accident is a kind of information technology. This article will method and error analysis of the deep foundation pit deformation observation to do in-depth discussion. 　　Key words: deep foundation pit; Deformation observation; Error; The observation accuracy; Total station 　　中图分类号：TU196+.1文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-2104(2013) 　　 　　一、深基坑施工监测的项目及特点 　　 （一）深基坑变形监测的项目 　　1、监测点高程和平面位移的测量。 　　2、支护结构和被支护土体的侧向位移测量。 　　3、基坑坑底隆起测量。 　　4、支护结构内外土压力测量。 　　5、支护结构内外孔隙水压力测量。 　　6、支护结构的内力测量。 　　7、地下水位变化的测量。 　　8、邻近基