高原低氧环境下鞭炮噪声对正常发育儿童听觉的影响_医学论文.docVIP

高原低氧环境下鞭炮噪声对正常发育儿童听觉的影响_医学论文 高原低氧环境下鞭炮噪声对正常发育儿童听觉的影响_医学论文 【摘要】 目的：了解鞭炮所产生的脉冲噪声对高原环境下正常生长儿童听觉的影响。方法：选择秦岭山区71例、青海湖周边牧区50例正常发育，每年近距离接触鞭炮噪声3次以上的学龄（6 12岁）儿童，实地测试全频听力阈值，并以南京市50例儿童作为对照，对比分析听觉状况。结果：山区和高原乡村男性儿童超高频听力较差；除个别低频外，高原相对缺氧环境与平原山区之间男性儿童听力无明显差异。三地女性儿童除个别低频外听力无明显差异。结论：高原相对低氧环境不影响女性正常儿童的听力发育；通过听觉对比，高原相对低氧环境下接触鞭炮脉冲噪声对男性儿童听觉损害的程度并不高于平原山区。 【关键词】 听觉 脉冲噪声 儿童 高原 低氧 AInfluence of firecrackers′ impulse noise on auditory function ［ABSTRACT］ Objective: To study the influence of firecrackers′ impulse noise on auditory function of normal growth children in a plateau area. Methods: Seventyone and 50 children were selected from the Qinling mountain area and the pasturing area around Qinghai Lake respectively. All of them were normal growth children (6 to 12 years old) who had experienced firecrackers′ noise over 3 times per year. In addition, 50 children from Nanjing city were included in this study. The entire frequency auditory threshold was examined on the spot. The auditory threshold was analyzed. Results: There was not a significant difference in high frequency and super high frequency between the pasturing area and the Qinling mountain areas, while the girls′ auditory function was same from all places. In contrast, the auditory thresholds in high frequency and super high frequency of the boys in Nanjing city was lower than those of the boys in both mountain area and plateau pasturing area. Conclusions: According to the auditory function of girls from all places, the hypoxia area of a plateau does not have any influences on children′s hearing development, and it also does not aggravate the auditory impact of the impulse noise of firecrackers on children. ［KEY WORDS］ Auditory function Impulse noise Child Plateau area Hypoxia 噪声对听觉有损害作用，脉冲噪声对听觉的损害尤为严重。在我国的西部高原和山区乡村，鞭炮噪声是人们生活中常见的脉冲噪声，是这些地区除外遗传、先天、病毒、外伤、中毒等因素，正常人群听觉损害的主要原因之一［1］。动物实验和相关研究表明，低氧环境可以加重噪声对听觉的损害，且低氧的程度与听觉损害的程度呈正相关［24］。为了验证高原地区相对低氧环境及鞭炮噪声对儿童听觉的影响，我们对青藏高原、秦岭山区及南京市的学龄儿童听力状况进行了抽样调查。 1 资料与方法 1.1 研究对象 从青海省的东侧高原和秦岭山的南麓一