垂直牵张增高兔下颌牙槽嵴动物模型的建立_临床医学论文.docVIP

垂直牵张增高兔下颌牙槽嵴动物模型的建立_临床医学论文 垂直牵张增高兔下颌牙槽嵴动物模型的建立_临床医学论文 【摘要】 　　目的：自制种植型牵张器,增高兔下颌骨验证其成骨效果，为进一步探索牵引成骨的分子生物学机制建立动物模型。方法:日本大耳白兔20只，随机分4组，每组5只，选取一侧下颌牙槽嵴为实验侧，对侧为对照。实验侧于颏孔前矩形截骨，植入一枚种植型骨牵张器，延迟5天后垂直牵张加高牙槽嵴，2次/d，0.5mm/次，共加力牵张4d，分别于牵张后1周、2周、4周、8周处死各组动物，游离下颌骨，大体观察，X线观察，组织学观察。结果:除一枚牵张器松动脱落外，其余牵张器固位稳定牵张成骨效果良好，牙槽嵴平均加高3.26mm，X线及组织学显示，牵张间隙新骨逐渐形成，8周时牵张间隙被成熟新生骨修复。结论:自制种植型牵张器性能良好、体积小、位于骨内，本实验建立了可重复性强、成本低的兔下颌牙槽嵴垂直牵张成骨的动物模型。 【关键词】 牵张成骨　牙种植　牙槽骨 　　The Establishment of an Animal Model of Vertical Distraction Osteogenesis in Rabbit 　　Abstract Objective: The purpose of this project was to introduce the new type of implanton. Methods: Twenty rabbits,were randomly divide into 4 groups,each group comprising 5 rabbits.A boxshaped osteotomy on the random side of the alveolar bone were carried out and a implantdistraction apparatus was placed.After five days,the alveolar ridge was vertically augmented at the rate of 1.0mm/d and the frequency of 2/d by rotating implantdistraction for 4 days.At the point of 1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks of DO,five rabbits were killed,and histological and radiographical evaluations were carried out. Results: During the distraction period, all dental implantdistraction apparatus obtained good healing except one falled for inflammation .The alveolar ridge was vertically augmented 3.26mm on average.The radiolucency in the distraction site disappeared in 6 weeks. Conclusions: The dental implantdiatraction device in this study have excellent performance in vertical alveolar ridge augmentation with its small bulk. The rabbit model have a characteristic of low cost,and repeatable. Key words distraction osteogenesis; dental implant; aloeolar bone 　　自从上世纪初Codivlla首次尝试牵张成骨术（distraction osteogenesis, DO）以来，苏联学者Ilizarov［1］在50年代规范了DO技术，并在四肢长骨矫形中取得成功。DO技术应用于颌面部畸形的矫治［2］，是近10多年的事情，但是所用牵引器粗大笨重，操作复杂，成骨时间长［3］。故需要一种小巧简便的牵张装置，同时需要对牵张成骨的分子生物学机制进行深入研究，以便简化手术程序，加快成骨速度。本实验用自制的种植型牵张器增高兔下颌牙槽嵴［4,5］，旨在论证其可行性，并为进一步研究牵张成骨的分子生物学机制建立动物模型。 　　1 材料与方法 　　1.1 种植型牵张器 自行研制的圆柱形种植型牵张器20枚（基部：外直径4.0mm，螺距