毕业设计（论文）-基于光电效应的转速测量仪设计.doc

基于光电效应的转速测量仪设计 摘 要 随着电子技术、通信技术、计算机技术的发展，数字化的智能仪表是当代的发展趋势。单片机与工业控制行业也有了紧密的联系，通过单片机实现控制过程的自动化，也是现代工业的重要标志。单片机微处理器体积小、功能强、功耗小、性价比高的突出优点，表现出了强有力的生命力，越来越受各行业的青睐。顺应形势，本文设计了一种基于AT89C51的全数字式转速测量仪。 本文首先介绍了单片机测量转速的系统构成以及转速测量的“”法（测频法），并介绍了其测量上的特点、计算和误差分析。其次，针对测量环境，设计了一种基于AT89C51单片机的全数字式测速系统，它是由光电传感器、LM324运算放大器、74HC14整形芯片、AT89C51单片机、键盘电路、显示接口电路等组成，实现了全数字的测速功能。该仪器操作方便，测量精确度高。另外，简单的阐述了测速系统的工作原理以及数字测速仪机械原理。本文是运用固定在旋转设备壳体上的发光二极管发光，通过与高速转轴同步的带孔圆盘，照射到集成电路板上的光电转换元件，通过引线引出，与外部的单片机、LED显示器相接。 该测速系统精确度为0.1，全量程的测速误差达到0.005%，并且是一种便携式测速仪器，使用操作方便简单，抗干扰能力强。 关键词：AT89C51单片机；转速；测量精度 The design of speed measuring instrument based on photoelectric effect Abstract With the development of electronic technology, communication technology and computer technology, digital intelligent instrument is the contemporary trends. SCM and industrial control industry have also had close contact, Microprocessor control of process automation is the core sign of modern industry. Microprocessor is with these outstanding merits of small size, strong function, power consumption and cost-effective, showing a strong vitality and more favored by the industry. Conform to the situation, the paper designs a fully digital speed measuring instrument based on AT89C51. This paper introduces the structure of SCM speed measurement system and the M method (frequency measurement method), and describes the characteristics of the measurement, calculation and error analysis. Second, for the measurement environment, designing an all-digital speed system based on AT89C51 microcontroller, which consists of a photoelectric sensor (optical pulse encoder), LM324 Amplifiers, 74HC14 Plastic chips, AT89C51 microcontroller, keyboard circuits, display interface circuit and other components to achieve the fully digital speed function, the instrument is with easy operation, high accuracy. And the paper exposes of the principle of the system and the mechanical principle of digital speed measuring instrument simply, the paper makes use of the photod