稻田CH4和N2O排放消长关系及其减排措施.pdfVIP

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稻田CH4和N2O排放消长关系及其减排措施.pdf

农业环境科学学报 2008,27(6):2123—2130 JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience 稻田CH4和 N20排放消长关系及其减排措施 李香兰 一,徐 华 ,蔡祖聪 (1.中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 210008;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049) 摘 要:稻田CH 和N。0排放存在互为消长的关系,此种关系不受时间、空问及有无水稻植株的影响,考虑稻I~CH4减排措施的同 时必须兼顾该措施对N:0排放的促进作用。本文从水分管理、施肥管理、水稻品种、甲烷抑制剂及脲酶/硝化抑制剂、耕种方式及耕 作制度等方面综述了近年来关于稻田CH和N20减排措施的研究,以期从农业实践中总结缓解稻田CH和N:0排放引起的综合 温室效应的生产措施。分析表明,稻田低施氮水平条件下进行中期烤田是减少 CH 和N:0排放的有效措施,有机秸秆进行堆腐好 氧分解后施入或在休闲期(如秋季或冬季)施人稻田表现出较好的应用前景,施用甲烷抑制剂、脲酶抑制剂及硝化抑制剂和缓释控/ 释肥料对降低稻田温室气体排放及提高作物产量意义重大。 关键词:稻田;CH;N:0;消长关系;减排措施 中图分类号:X511 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672—2043(2008)06—2123—08 Trade-offRelationshipandM itigationOptionsofM ethaneandNitrousOxideEmissionsfrom RicePaddyField LIXiang—lan ,XUHua,CAIZu—cong (1.StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilandSustainableAgriculture,InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China; 2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China) Abstract:Atrade—offrelationshipwasofundexistingbetweenmethane(CH4)andnitrousoxide(N2O)emissionsfromricepaddyfieldandwas notaffectedbyseasonalvariation,spatialchangesandwhetherthecropwasplantedornot.MitigationofCH4emissionwouldbringabout moreN20emission.EffectsofbothCH4andN2Oemissionsfromricepaddyfieldonglobalwarmingpotential(GWP)shouldbetakeninto considerationwhenanymitigationoptionsaretobeestablished.Inthispaper,studiesfocusedonmitigatingCH4andNzO emissionsfromrice paddyfieldsweresummarizedandthericecultivationmethodswhichcoulddecreasetheglobalwarmingpotentialwereproposed.Thosemiti— gationoptionscommonlystudiedandusedincludingwaterregimemanagement,fertilization,selectionofricecuhivarvarieties,applicationof inhibitors(methaneinhibitor,ureaseinhibitorandnitrificationinhibitor,etc),tillage,rice—wheatrotationandSOon.Ingeneral,midseason aerationofpaddyfieldswithlow dosageofnitrogenfertilizeraftershort—term drainagewasoneofthemostpromisingstrategiesforreducing CH4andN20 emissions.Improvingorganicmattermanagementbypromotingaerobicdegradationthroughcompostingor

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