Acoustics for Libraries.ppt

Acoustics for Libraries By Charles M. Salter, P.E. Introduction Principles ： Site noise considerations Establish noise standards Room acoustic considerations Sound isolation between use spaces Vibration control for mechanical equipment Audio/visual system considerations Sound and noise Please differentiate between sound and noise Define “frequency” SPL (Sound Pressure Level)音壓 Pa：Pa – Pascal dB： dBA：A-weighting curve has been widely adopted for environmental noise measurement in roadway noise and aircraft noise analyses Sound and noise NC Rating：? NC-25: Loudness of all frequencies must fall at or below the NC-25 curve 以p6為例，人對於 NC-25高頻音(4kHz)能容忍之背景聲音音壓為? NC-25低頻音(63Hz)所能容忍之背景聲音音壓為? Room Acoustics Physical characteristics of a space for the hearing of directed and reflected sound High level of reflected sound – poor room acoustics ?creating unwanted background noise Reverberation ? the time required for the sound to be absorbed gradually and reduced below hearing level Room Acoustics Sound absorbing materials ?reduce reverberation Multi-purpose rooms： Musical activities: longer reverberation is preferred(1.5 seconds – acceptable) Speech activities: low reverberation is better (1 seconds – acceptable); too long? causing interference Sound Absorption Sound absorbing materials used in building are rated using the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) Average of sound absorption coefficients from 250 Hz to 2000 Hz (speech frequency) Perfectly absorptive – NRC = 1.0 Perfectly reflective – NRC = 0.0 Sound Absorption Acoustically transparent materials: fabric, perforated metal, and spaced wood slats? acoustically transparent ?allowing sound energy to pass through and be absorbed by the material located behind Absorptive materials: Thicker porous materials in lay-in grid ceiling Thick glass fiber ceiling tile (or adding acoustic absorption to the space – suspend acoustic baffles Sound Insulation Purpose: reduce intrusive noise; reduce the transmission of sound through