英译汉·具体化.pptVIP

文化空缺： 实物物质article: 自然品，社会产品（汉≈英，一一对应关系。e.g. bird鸟,water水，bread面包） 抽象物质abstract: 人类感情品质，感官产物，动作或存在状态， 情形情状等（主观思维的差异导致的空缺。e.g. angry恼恨、愤怒、气恼、暴跳如雷等） beauty: the quality of being pleasing to the senses or to the mind 1. One of the beauties of living here is that it is so peaceful. (=advantage) 2. That last goal was a beauty.(an excellent example of its type) empty: vt. to make the full things empty 1.My pocket was emptied out without my keys found. 2.The room has been emptied of all furniture. 3.She emptied her mind of all thoughts of home. consensus: an opinion that all members of group agree with. 一致的意见；共识 e.g. There is a general consensus among teachers about the need for greater security in school. 涵盖词general word：词下有许多具体的表达，多为动作性词语和状态性名词。 1.walk: tripple, stride, march, mince, clump,ramble, shuffle,creep,limp, trudge laugh: giggle, snigger, belly laugh, grin, chortle, chuaickle, titter, cackle （在翻译中可以根据语境需要利用它们的具体词来进行中文表达） e.g. Moved by this joke, he was in a big laugh.(=belly laugh) 2. take, thing, well等一系列具有广泛性意义的词语，可称为一词多义词。它们可以根据具体语境恰当地选择词义。 take: The sign must be taken down. My name has been taken off the list. She was playing with a knife, so I took it away from her. The rebels succeeded in taking the town. Can you take the baby for a moment? The new loan takes the total debt to $100,000. abandon The abandoned children were put into an asylum. She had abandoned the writing skill of the conventional novel. She abandoned her script and began ad-libbing. On no account should you abandon your wife and childeren. The country abandoned its political leaders after the war. 2.延伸词refleted words:对这类词语的翻译多译为和其相关的具体性表达，这类词多为由形容词转化的名词，以及偏正短语。 e.g. a must, a surprise, mixed society, say wrong things 源语言中作者有时为了增强文字的趣味性、可读性、灵活性，在语言运用中常会有不同于常规的 表达方式和一些词语、词组或短语的灵活运用； 翻译依据：一方面增强对特殊短语的掌握；另一方面联系对上下文的理解。 e.g. Critics seldom clap, preferring to type their appreciation. He shed crocodile tears when his mother was put in a rest room. Older people should not skip on food or hea