同位素地质年代学和.pdfVIP

同位素地质年代学与 放射成因同位素地球化学 陈福坤 固体同位素地球化学实验室 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Radiogenic isotope geochemistry 放射性和放射成因同位素在地质领域的 应用起初主要是同位素年代学，其地球 化学的示踪应用前景较晚才被认识到。 Gast （1960）首次将铷－锶(Rb-Sr) 同位素体系应用于有关地幔成份的 地球化学问题。 Gast PW (1960) Limitations on the composition of the upper mantle. Journal of Geophysics Research 65: 1287-1297. In a given chemical system, the isotopic abundance of 87Sr is determined by four parameters: the isotopic abundance at a given initial time, the Rb/Sr ratio of the system, the decay constant of 87Rb, and the time elapsed since the initial time. - Gast (1960) 87Sr = 87Sr0 + 87Rb(eλt – 1) 87Sr/86Sr = (87Sr/86Sr)0 + 87Rb/86Sr(eλt – 1) The isotopic composition of a particular sample of strontium, whose history may or may not be known, may be the result of time spent in a number of such systems or environments. In any case, the isotopic composition is the time-intergrated result of the Rb/Sr ratios in all the past environments. - Gast (1960) Local differences in the Rb/Sr ratio will, in time, result in local differences in the abundance of 87Sr. Mixing of material during processes will tend to homogenize these local differences. Once homogenization occurs, the isotopic composition is not further affected by these processes. - Gast (1960) Because of this property and because of the time-intergrating effect, isotopic compositions lead to useful inferences concerning the Rb/Sr ratio of the crust and the upper mantle.