各类农产品贮藏技术课程介绍.pptVIP

Figure 4. Permanently-installed grain temperature cables. RICE STORAGE * degrees centigrade degrees Fahrenheit * exempli gratia * * endosperm[5endEuspE:m]n.[植]胚乳 aleurone 糊粉层 apex lemma GERM 胚芽 moulds Mould growth is also regulated by the proportions of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the intergranular atmosphere. Many moulds will grow at very low oxygen concentrations; a halving of linear growth, for example, will only be achieved if the oxygen content is reduced to less than 0.14 per cent. Interactions between the gases and the prevailing water activity also influence mould growth. In certain grains, such as wheat that is cultivated principally for flour, the characteristic elastic properties caused by the protein gluten is lost, reduced, or completely destroyed by pests eating it. Such grain is no longer fit for making bread flour. 3.2 Insects 3.2 Insects The most common storage pests that damage stored grain include the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), granary weevil (Sitophilus granatius). Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella), Australian wheat weevil (Rhizoperha dominica), and the lesser grain borer found in elevators. Others are Ploidia interpunctella, which damage corn in particular; cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus); khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium); saw-tooth grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis); and confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum). 常见的贮粮害虫有米黑虫、黄粉虫、玉米象、豌豆象、蚕豆象、绿豆象、麦蛾、谷蠹、螨类等 3.3 Temperature and moisture Notwithstanding the storage facility, two factors are critical to the retention of grain quality for a long period of time: the temperature and moisture content of grain. Seeds in a single head do not ripen uniformly but over a period of about 3 to 10 days. At this stage, the average moisture content of the seed is about 25 to 30%. This moisture is too high for bin storage. For storage in winter, the grain moisture should be more than 14% in most case. In the Coastal Plains and Gulf Coast, a lower moisture content