相似性论文认知隐喻相似性的跨语言研究.docVIP

相似性论文：认知隐喻相似性的跨语言研究 【中文摘要】相似性是隐喻的一个主要方面,同时也是隐喻研究中的一个重要议题。两千多年前,亚里士多德就指出,建构贴切的比喻就是发现相似性,他甚至认为用敏锐的眼光识别隐喻相似性的能力是天才的标志。近年来,随着认知语言学概念隐喻的发展,人们对隐喻相似性产生了新的兴趣。对相似性的探讨逐渐成为隐喻研究的重点课题。隐喻的研究目前已取得较为丰硕的成果,而对于隐喻相似性的专门研究却并不多见。尽管中外学者对隐喻相似性的研究有不同程度的涉及,但侧重点均有所不同,也尚未进行较为深入的研究,隐喻相似性的本质和类型远未取得较为一致的认识。本文在前人所做研究的基础上首先对目前提出的相似性观点、理论以及分类进行系统的整理和评析,然后尝试探索基于相似性的隐喻构建的一般规律及运作机制。在此基础上,本文立足于大量的英汉隐喻实例,归纳出隐喻相似性的基本类型,包括物理相似性、功能相似性、特征相似性、联觉相似性、感觉相似性、动作相似性、结构相似性以及过程相似性。为了证实和解释相似性在隐喻构建中的核心作用和一般规律性,本文从跨语言视角来探索相似性,对相似性在英语和汉语隐喻中表现出的跨语言共性进行研究和总结。在共性的基础上,本文讨论了相似性的跨语言和跨文化差异性及产生的原因。作为相似性共性的进一步延伸,本文最后运用相关理论,探索了相似性在思维及问题解决中的意义。 【英文摘要】Similarity is a major aspect of metaphors and an important issue in the study of metaphors. More than two thousand years ago, Aristotle points out that to construct a proper metaphor is to find the similarity in different entities. The ability of finding similarities for sharp eye is the hallmark of genius. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in similarity in metaphors with the development of conceptual metaphors in cognitive linguistics. The investigation on similarity is becoming the key issue in the study of metaphors. Despite the fact that a great deal of research has been done on metaphors, similarity remains a mystery and very controversial issue.This thesis reviews and analyzes current views, theories and classifications of similarity first. Then it makes attempts to discover the principles and working mechanism underlying the use of metaphors. On the basis of a great number of Chinese and English metaphorical sentences, this thesis attempts to provide a new classification of similarity, which includes physical similarity, characteristic similarity, functional similarity, synaesthetic similarity, sensigenous similarity, action similarity, process similarity and structural similarity. In order to prove and explain the core function and principles of similarity in metaphors, this thesis cross-linguistically explores and summarizes the universalities of similarity i