铁道机车车辆车轮超声波在线自动化检测系统研究.pdfVIP

铁道机车车辆车轮超声波在线自动化 检测系统的研究 黄永巍,任明照,高东海 （中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所，北京 100081） 摘 要：随着铁路运输高速重载发展，机车车辆车轮的安全使用至关重要。机车车辆车轮在线自 动化探伤是世界性的难题，长期以来一直是各国铁路工程技术人员梦寐以求希望能解决的技术堡垒。 本文作者分析了几种危害性的车轮缺陷，提出了相应的检测工艺方法，发明了钢轨外偏置装置，一举 解决了机车车辆车轮超声波在线检测的技术瓶颈。经十多年的潜心研究和不断优化，车轮超声波在线 检测系统日趋完善。 关键词：机车车辆车轮；超声波；钢轨外偏置；在线检测 Research of Locomotive and Car Wheel Ultrasonic On-line and Automated Detection System HUANG Yong-Wei, REN Ming-Zhao, GAO Dong-Hai (Metals Chemistry Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, 100081,China) Abstract: With the development of high-speed and heavy haul railway transport, safety use is very important on locomotive and car wheel. NDT on locomotive and car wheel on-line and automated is a difficult problem in the world, every technical engineers want to solve this problem. In this paper the author analyzes some harm defects on wheel, put forward the corresponding testing technique, and invented the rail bending device, figure out technology bottleneck on locomotive and car wheel on-line detection. After ten years of concentrated study and constant optimization, wheel ultrasonic on-line detection system is perfect with each passing day. Keywords: locomotive and car wheel; Ultrasonic; rail bending device; on-line detection; 20 1 车轮主要裂损形式 铁道机车车辆车轮由于内部冶金缺陷或运用中的外界因素，主要形成两种危害性缺陷：辋裂或径向崩 裂。如果车轮踏面下 10～15mm 处存在较大颗粒的非金属夹杂物，在轮轨作用力下形成车轮内部疲劳裂纹 及掉块，这种缺陷简称辋裂，如图 1 所示。另外由于闸瓦刹车等原因，车轮形成径向开裂，称为径向裂纹， 如图 2 所示。 作者简介：黄永巍，副研究员，主要从事无损检测技术研究。 151