第十章CellDifferentiationRegeneration.pptVIP

Cell Differentiation  Regeneration Topics Differentiation Dedifferentiation Re-differentiation Regeneration 复习要点 组织工程学三要素相关要点 干细胞的分类 ES和成体干细胞的区别 ips细胞 肿瘤干细胞 肌腱、神经、皮肤、骨、角膜组织工程化组织的构建 人工组织血管化的实现 Blastema: a mass of undifferentiated cells capable of growth and regeneration into organs or body parts; found in the early stages of embryonic development and in the regeneration of tissues, organs and bone. (Slack, 2006) Neoblasts: regenerative cells within the blastema (K. J. Pedersen, 1959); small undifferentiated mitotic cells that comprise about 20% of the worms body – they act as stem cells for growth and regeneration (Slack, 2006) Neoblasts are mulitpotent. Multipotent: the ability to give rise to multiple different cell types, but not unlimited In insects and vertebrates, regeneration can only result in the replacement of lost appendages, not whole organisms from a part. Monodirectional regeneration: regeneration of appendages that proceeds distally from cut site /images/roach.jpg Most urodele amphibians (salamanders) can regenerate throughout their lives /Courses/anphys/2000/Grayson/GRAYSON.HTM Regeneration in salamanders. Whats happening? /Courses/anphys/2000/Grayson/GRAYSON.HTM /biointeractive/media/newt_regen-lg.mov Time-lapse movie Early experiments in regeneration focused upon investigations of polarity and patterning /slack/samples/LIMB%20REGENERATION/Index.html Recent studies focus upon the study of the identity of the cells in the blastema: This regenerative cells act like stem cells /biointeractive/media/newt_regen-lg.mov Animation of regeneration: But, where do blastema cells come from? These are not neoblasts as in planaria Early histological studies provided evidence that cells remaining after injury “dedifferentiate” and migrate to form the blastema “dedifferentiation” ?? “dedifferentiation” : (in the regeneration literature): “used to describe the loss of differentiated characters of cells after amputation and their concurrent acquisition