初中数学应题教学策略研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 随着现代信息技术的飞速发展,数学应用得到了前所未有的重视,强调数学 应用已成为国际数学教育改革的主旋律.在新一轮基础教育课程改革全面实施的 今天,我国也越来越重视数学应用题的教学,但 “数学应用题难教、难学”长期困 扰着教师和学生，而初中数学应用题教与学的研究很少，本文主要研究以下三个 方面的问题：①初中学生解数学应用题的能力如何？②初中学生解应用题困难的 具体表现是什么？③提高初中生解数学应用题能力的有效教学策略是什么？ 本文采用问卷调查法、访谈法、实验法等研究方法，对初中学生解数学应用 题的现状及困难进行了调查，调查表明初中年级学生数学应用能力总体水平不 高，影响学生解数学应用题的因素是数学基础知识、学生的阅读能力、数学化能 力、定势思维、计算能力、实际生活经验、心理素质。在此基础上提出了提高解 数学应用题的教学策略，对这些策略选择对比班和实验班进行教学实验。通过实 验总结出了提高解数学应用题的一些有效策略： 1、元认知训练策略 2、阅读能力训练策略 3、建模能力训练策略 4、运算能力训练策略 关键词：数学应用题 解题困难 教学策略 II Abstract With the rapid development of the current information technology, applied mathematics has been paid great unprecedented attention; to emphasize the application of mathematics has become the main theme in mathematics educational reform. Today a new round of basic educational curriculum reform is being fully implemented, teaching of mathematical application of problems is getting more and more attention, but the problem of teaching difficultly and learning difficultly in mathematical application of problems has perplexed teachers and students long-term, and the research on teaching and learning for mathematical application of problems is less. The paper mainly researches the problems in three aspects. ①What is the capacity for students at junior high school to resolve mathematical application of problems? ②What are the concrete manifestations of difficulties for students at junior high school to resolve mathematical application of problems? ③What are the effective teaching strategies to improve students at the junior high school abilit