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《2016 Multi-instance multi-label learning with application to scene classification》.pdf
Multi-Instance Multi-Label Learning with
Application to Scene Classification
Zhi-Hua Zhou Min-Ling Zhang
National Laboratory for Novel Software Technology
Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
{zhouzh,zhangml}@
Abstract
In this paper, we formalize multi-instance multi-label learning, where each train-
ing example is associated with not only multiple instances but also multiple class
labels. Such a problem can occur in many real-world tasks, e.g. an image usually
contains multiple patches each of which can be described by a feature vector, and
the image can belong to multiple categories since its semantics can be recognized
in different ways. We analyze the relationship between multi-instance multi-label
learning and the learning frameworks of traditional supervised learning, multi-
instance learning and multi-label learning. Then, we propose the MIMLBOOST
and MIML SVM algorithms which achieve good performance in an application to
scene classification.
1 Introduction
In traditional supervised learning, an object is represented by an instance (or feature vector) and
associated with a class label. Formally, let X denote the instance space (or feature space) and Y
the set of class labels. Then the task is to learn a function f : X → Y from a given data set
{(x , y ), (x , y ), · · · , (x , y )}, where x ∈ X is an instance and y ∈ Y the known label of x .
1 1 2 2 m m i i i
Although the above formalization is prevailing and successful, there are many real-world problems
which do not fit this
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