试论中国近代的司法独立.pdf

目录 中文 摘 要 ····················································································… …5 A B S T R A C T ··············································································… … 6 前 言 ··························································································……7 第 一 章 清 朝 末 期 的司法独立 ······················································… …8 一 、 司法 独 立 观 念 的引入 ·······························································… …8 二 、司法独立 的实践 ·····································································……10 (一 )管制 改革 ···········································································…… 10 (二 )部 院之 争 ···········································································… … 11 (三 )大 理 院筹建 ········································································……12 三 、清 末 实施 司法独立 的价值和 结果 ················································…… 12 四、阻碍清 末 司法独立 实践 的几个 原 因 ·············································……13 (一 )缺 乏经 费 ··············································，····························… …13 (二 )人 才 不 足 ··········4 ································································… … 14 (三 )传 统 审判 习俗 ·····································································… …巧 (四)配套法 律 制度 不 完 善 费 ·························································… …巧 第 二 章 北 洋 政 府 时期 的司法 独 立 ················································… … 16 一 、约束 北洋 政 府 司法 专 断 的 《中华 民国临 时约法 》 ···························… … 16 二 、 《中华 民 国约法 》成 为 司法 独 立 的灾 难 ····································… … 17 三 、1923 年 《中华 民 国宪法 》颁 布 的前 前 后 后 ·································… … 19 (一 ) 1923 年 《中华 民 国宪法 》的历 史 背 景 ····································… … 19 (二 ) 1923 年 《中华 民 国宪法 》进 步之 处 ····························，··········… …20 四 、兼 理 司法 制 度 的盛 行 ···················································… … 2 1 (一 )兼理 司法 制度