《商务英语翻译3：词类转换 正说反译与反说正译 》.ppt

第七章 英汉翻译中的词类转换法 Conversion in English-Chinese Translation 词类转换翻译法 由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，翻译时 就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑“的方法逐词对译。原 文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使译文 通顺自然，这种将源语言中属于某种词性的词语 翻译成目的语中属于另一种词性的词词语的翻译 方法，称词类转换翻译法。转换分词类转译与句 型转译。 词类转译归纳起来有以下四种： 1.其他词转换成动词 2.其他词转换成名词 3.其他词转换成形容词 4.其他词转换成副词 1.其他词转换成动词 One of the most remarkable differences between English and Chinese syntax is the use of verbs. It is taken for granted that an English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese it is not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence. For example: Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。 1.1.名词转换成动词 1.1.1 由动词派生的名词转译成动词 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已被用来探索宇宙。 A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. 人们普遍批评美国文化过于强调对于物质产品的占有而相对地过于忽视人们的精神生活。 1.1.2 含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声令 我特别神往。 Another example: Accounting includes the design of accounting systems, preparation of financial statements，audition of cost studies, development of forecasts, income tax work, computer applications , and the analysis and interpretation of accounting information as an aid to make business decisions. 会计包括设计会计制度，准备财务报表，审计成本研究报 告，开展预测，计算收入所得税，运用计算机，以及分析 和解 释有助于做出商业决策的会计信息。 1.1.3英语中有些加后缀 er 的名词， 如: teacher, thinker等，译成汉语时要翻译成动词。 有些以er结尾的名词有时在句子中并不指身份和职业, 而 含有较强的动作意味，往往译成动词。 如： She is a lover of Chinese painting. 她喜爱中国画。 I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 恐怕我不能教你游泳，我弟弟比我教得好。 Some of my class-mates are good singers. 我们班的一些同学唱歌唱得好。 1.1.4) 作为习语主题的名词往往可以转译成动词。 The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention （没有提及）of the inflation. The teacher showed great concern （非常关心）for the student’s health. T