东北北部冷凉区免耕土壤的特性及作物效应.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2013,46(11):2271-2277 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.11.011 东北北部冷凉区免耕土壤的特性及作物效应 1 1,2 1 1,2 1 1 张兴义 ，陈 强 ，陈 渊 ，刘 爽 ，李续峰 ，李 浩 1 2 （中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室，哈尔滨 150081； 中国科学院大学，北京 100049 ） 摘要：【目的】研究东北冷凉区免耕对土壤性状、作物产量的影响及其水土保持作用。【方法】利用平地和坡 地9 年长期定位田间试验，设置免耕和旋耕处理，系统监测土壤性状和作物产量。【结果】与传统旋耕相比，免耕 下耕层土壤含水量提高3—5 个百分点，110 cm 土层储水量增加；10 cm 处土壤温度降低2.1℃；0—15 cm 土层有 机质含量增加11%；土壤动物多样性增加；地表径流和土壤流失量分别减少90%和98%以上；玉米减产20%以上， 大豆却增产10%左右；免耕在坡地上的效果好于平地。【结论】免耕对退化黑土恢复和水土保持作用显著，但冷凉 区作物对免耕反应不同：大豆增产，玉米减产。因此，免耕适宜于大豆和坡耕地。 关键词：东北；冷凉区域；免耕；土壤性状；作物产量 Influences of No-Tillage on Soil and Crop Performance in the North Cool Region of Northeast China 1 1,2 1 1,2 1 1 ZHANG Xing-yi , CHEN Qiang , CHEN Yuan , LIU Shuang , LI Xu-feng , LI Hao 1 （Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049) Abstract: 【Objective 】The effects of no-tillage (NT) on soil properties, crop yields, and soil and water conservations were studied in the north cool area of Northeast China. 【Method 】 Two long-term filed experiments were established to compare the performance of two systems NT and conventional rotary tillage (CRT) in a flat field and a slope land, respectively. Soil properties and crop yield were measured and soil runoff was monitored continuously. 【Result 】Compared to CRT, soil water conten