医学心理学intelligence课件.pptVIP

IntelligenceWhat is it? Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities wide range of variation in children’s cognitive abilities for a given age group most common methods of assessment are standardized tests of intelligence Binet and Simon Binet: 1st intelligence test in 1904 Binet Simon created a series of cognitive tasks: memory for numbers attention reading comprehension mathematics reasoning computation skills general information Binet and Simon’s Test USED to identify children who need special help in school Mental Age (MA): based on the # of items a child gets correct relative to the # usually correct for a given age Less intelligent 6 yr. old vs. More intelligent 6 yr. old test yielded a single score that led to a unitary conception of intelligence William Stern Refined Binet and Simon Intelligence Quotient = MA/CA (MA:mental age) (CA:chronological age) Example 5/6 = .83 Example 23/22 = 1.05 Lewis Terman Refined Stern Coined term “IQ” IQ = (MA/CA) * 100 Example: 23/22 = 1.05*100 = 105 More on Terman Refined Binet and Simon’s test Created Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale most widely used scale for 2 to 18 yrs. old Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Measures on 4 subtests with “g” underlying Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children – 3rd Edition (WISC-III) widely used for children between 8 18 Verbal IQ + Performance IQ = Full-Scale IQ VIQ + PIQ = FSIQ Multidimensional Conceptions Intelligence: consists of multiple abilities consists of several independent and potentially measurable skills Single factor idea is losing ground to multidimensional conceptions. Louis Thurston (1938) intelligence composed of separate skills: perceptual speed numerical facility word fluency inductive reasoning memory No “g” J.P. Guilford (1967) intelligence consists of 120 different factors developed a test to measure 75 of the 120 No “g” Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence Crystallized (factual) word fluency general information Vocabulary verbal comprehen