造纸专业英语双语教学材料.ppt

Reaction in Alkaline Cooking During kraft pulping lignin fragmentation is performed by the cleavage of aryl ether bonds and formation of new phenolic groups, which increase the hydrophilicity and solubility of lignin. The reactions of lignin in a kraft cook are complex and still not completely understood, but the main reactions leading to the lignin degradation in alkaline conditions have been well reviewed. The most important delignifying reaction in alkaline conditions is the cleavage of β-aryl ether linkages, which are the most prominent lignin structures. 在硫酸盐制浆法中，木质素的分裂是通过劈开芳基醚束并生成新的酚基以实现的，这种方式增加了木质素的亲水性与可溶性。虽然木质素在硫酸盐法蒸煮中的反应非常复杂并且尚未完全弄明白，但是在碱性条件下主要反应导致木质素降解已经被很好地检验过了。在碱性条件下最重要的脱木质素反应就是分裂β芳基醚的联系，芳基醚的联系被称作是木质素最重要的结构。 Reaction in Alkaline Cooking In kraft pulping conditions the reaction of hydrosulphide ions with quinone methides leads to the cleavage of β-O-4-linkages, whereas in the absence of hydrosulphide ions, such as in the soda cook, the dominating reaction is the elimination of γ-hydroxymethyl or β-proton, which leads to the formation of formaldehyde and enol ether structures. In addition to hydrosulphide ions, anthraquinone (AQ) and polysulphide (PS) have also been found to enhance the cleavage of β-aryl ether linkages. hydrosulphide 硫氢化物 methide 甲基化合物 hydroxymethyl 羟甲基 formaldehyde 甲醛 aldehyde 醛，乙醛 form- 甲酸，甲酰 enol【化】烯醇 anthraquinone 蒽醌 anthrahydroquinone 蒽氢醌 polysulphide 多硫化物 poly-表示“聚、聚合”之义 Reaction in Alkaline Cooking The cleavage of non-phenolic β-aryl ether bonds is the dominating and rate determining reaction in alkaline lignin degradation. The etherified β-aryl ether linkages are cleaved by hydroxide ions via an oxirane intermediate. This reaction is not affected by sodium sulphide or anthraquinone, but for example α-carbonyls have been shown to accelerate the cleavage of β-aryl ether linkages in non-phenolic lignin units. oxirane -ane -ene -yne 环氧 epoxide 环氧化物 carbonyl【化】羰基 carboxyl 羧基 c