2015-2016学年高二英语总结与练习（北师大）：Module 5 Unit 13 Lessons 34 Grammar-表示推测的情态动词 .docVIP

GRAMMAR 表示推测的情态动词 情态动词must, can / could, may / might均可表示推测，它们可以对过去、现在或将来的情况作出语气强弱不同的推测。在运用情态动词表示推测时，我们应该把握以下两点： ◆把握推测语气的特点，选择恰当的情态动词。 1. 表示肯定的推测时，各情态动词的语气从弱到强依次为：might → may → could → can → must；表示否定的推测时，may not / might not语气较弱，can’t / couldn’t语气较强。 注意：must的否定形式mustn’t不表示否定推测，而是表示“不得”或“一定不要”。 2. 情态动词表示推测时，在用法上有一些限制： ①must只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。如： You must be tired after your long walk. ②can多用于否定句或疑问句中。could可用于各种句式。如： That can’t be Mary — she’s in hospital. Can the news be true? He could be very smart when he was a child. ③may / might用于肯定句和否定句中。如： They may not know his address. I’m not sure. She told me that she might go to Hawaii this winter. ◆确定推测的时间，正确判断动词时态。 1. 对现在或将来的情况进行推测时，用“情态动词+ do”。如： You must be Mr. Smith. I was told to expect you. You can’t be hungry. You’ve only just had lunch. 2. 对此时此刻正在进行的情况进行推测时，用“情态动词+ be +动词-ing形式”。如： She may be waiting for you in the entrance hall at the moment. The police are stopping all cars. They must be looking for the escaped prisoner. 3. 对过去的情况进行推测时，用“情态动词+ have +过去分词”。如： I didn’t see Alex. He might have gone home. I couldn’t have left my bag on the bus. They must have gotten lost or they’d be here by now. 【拓展】在特定的语境中，“might / could + have +过去分词”不是对一件事情是否发生进行推测，而是表示本来可能发生但没有发生，或者本来可能完成却没有完成的动作，有时具有一定的感情色彩。 ①might have done本可以做（却没有），有时表示很委婉的责备。如： Honestly, the report might have been better written. ②could have done本可能做（却没有）。如： He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 【即学即练I thought I heard a knock on the door. It ________ (may / must) be my little brother. He usually comes home around now. Or it ________ (may / must) be my mother. It ________ (can’t / mustn’t) even be my father. No, he never knocks. 2. Where have I put my key? They ________ (may not / can’t) just walk away. They ________ (must / could) be near the sink, since I washed my hands when I came in from the garden. Or they ________ (might / must) be in the pocket of my gardening pants. 3. Jack described his father, wh