MicroIIILecture经典的需求理论()说课.ppt

4. 经典的需求理论(3) 3.H Integrability(可积性) 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability 3.H Integrability: Example Suppose there are three goods, the demand function is as follows: 3.H Integrability : Example We have: Because the implied demand behavior is independent of strictly increasing transformation, we can choose c(u) = u. 3.H Integrability : Example Recover a utility function from this expenditure function. 3.H Integrability: Another Vision Theorem (integrability theorem): A continuously differentiable system x(p;w) is the system of demand functions generated by some strictly increasing, strictly quasi-concave and continuous utility function, if and only if the system satisfies: Walras.Law and the substitution matrix is symmetric and negative semi-definite. In other words, Walras.Law, symmetry and negative semi-definiteness are not only the consequences of preference-based demand theory, but also are all of its consequences. So, if we start with a system of equations, we will be certain that it is utility generated if it satis.es Walras.Law, symmetry and negative semi-de.niteness. 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.H Integrability : Another Vision 3.I 经济变化的福利评价 消费者的福利分析： 如何评价消费者的环境变化对其福利的影响。 如果v(p,w)是偏好关系中导出的间接效用函数，则当且仅当v(p1,w)-v(p0,w)0时，消费者状况变差。 以货币单位来度量福利变化 是用支出函数构造的。即在价格P，一个给定的消费者需要多少货币才能与其消费束x的境况一样好。 货币度量的间接效用函数 货币度量的间接效用函数 希克斯关于福利变化的度量 希克斯关于福利变化的度量 希克斯关于福利变化的度量 可以被设想为这样一笔美元数额：消费者在接受这一美元数额和接受价格变化之间是无差异的； 也就是说，就对福利影响而言，这一数额的财富变化和价格变化（导致的效用变化）是等价的。（因此，若价格变化使消费者境况变差了，则