信息科学与电子工程专业英语Lecture11.ppt

* 18 MMX and similar processors, however, can perform a variety of functions much faster by direct computation than by table lookup, at a cost of increased software complexity. Pixel maps are most useful when the function is computed based on global statistics of the image. 而MMX以及类似的处理器则能以比查找表快得多的速度通过直接计算来执行各种功能，其代价是软件复杂性的提高。当某种功能是通过图像全局统计特性来计算时，像素映射是最为有用。 * 18 One can process an image to have a desired gain and offset, for example, based on the mean and standard deviation, or alternatively, the minimum and maximum, of the input.12 例如人们可以处理一幅图像，在输入信号的均值和标准偏差，或者最小值和最大值的基础上，获得所要求的增益和补偿（偏移）。 * 19 Histogram specification is a powerful pixel mapping point transform where an input image is processed so that it has the same distribution of pixel values as some reference image. The pixel map for histogram specification is easily computed from histograms of the input and reference images. Histogram specification is a useful enhancement prior to an analysis step whose goal is some sort of comparison between the input and the reference. 直方图指标是一种有效的像素映射点变换，对输入图像进行处理使之具有与某一参考图像同样的像素值分布。其像素映射关系很容易从输入图像和参考图像的直方图得到。直方图指标是进行图像分析前的一种有用的增强技术，这种分析的目的是对输入图像和参考图像进行某种比较。 * 20 Thresholding is a commonly used enhancement whose goal is to segment an image into object and background. A threshold value is computed above (or below) which pixels are considered object and below (or above) which background.13 阈值分割是一种常用增强技术，其目的是将图像分割成目标和背景。计算阈值，大于（或小于）阈值的就当作对象，否则就是背景。 * 20 Sometimes two thresholds are used to specify a band of values that correspond to object pixels. Thresholds can be fixed but are best computed from image statistics. Thresholding can also be done using neighborhood operations. In all cases the result is a binary image — only black and white are represented without gray shades. 阈值可以是固定的，但最好是根据图像的统计特性计算得到。也可以用邻域处理进行阈值分割。在所有这些情况下得到的结果都是一幅二值图像，即只有黑白两色而没有灰阶。 * 21 Color space conversion is used to convert between, for example, the RGB space provided by a camera to the HIS (hue, inten