转型期我国居民收入分配现状研究——我国居民收入现状、成因和对策分析.pdfVIP

云南师范大学硕士论文 转型期我国居民收入分配现状研究 摘 要 收入差距问题是一个世界性的问题，世界上没有一个国家或地区没有 收入差距。中国自改革开放，尤其是上世纪九十年代市场化取向的经济体 制改革以来，居民收入差距的扩大化和显性化是一个不容争辩的事实。我 国居民收入呈两极分化趋势日益明显。从“计划到市场”的经济体制转轨， 以市场机制为基础，按照效率优先兼顾公平原则，坚持按劳动和按生产要 素相结合进行国民收入分配必然导致收入差距。然而，经济现实中的收入 差距并非仅缘于此，转型期导致我国居民收入差距的因素很多，如自然的、 历史的、制度的、体制的及人为的等因素。合理的因市场机制作用导致的 收入差距能激发效率，促进经济的快速发展；但是，不合理收入差距会产 生一系列负面影响，如破坏社会稳定、制约社会有效需求、妨碍国民经济 持续健康发展并造成人们价值观的扭曲。居民收入差距的不合理扩大违背 社会主义“共同富裕”的本质。 因此，新世纪在我国努力全面建设小康社会，着力构建社会主义和谐 社会的历史关头，我们党和政府应高度重视收入差距问题，并采取有效手 段，如经济的、法律的、社会保障等坚决遏止居民收入差距的两极化趋势， 为最终实现共同富裕目标而不懈努力。 关键词：居民收入 社会保障 基尼系数 收入分配 政府行为 依法调控 云南师范大学硕士论文 转型期我国居民收入分配现状研究 Abst ract The disparity of resident incomes is SO worldwide that there is no country or district that has not this problem．It is beyond dispute since its reform and opening，especially from the economic system reform aiming to market systems in the nineties of last century that the disparity of resident incomes has become enlarged and more obvious in China．The tendency of incomes to polarization is increasingly obvious．With the economy—pattern transforming from plan to market and market system being the distribution basis，it is inevitable that incomes distribution must be difference when we distribute the national wealth according to the quantities and quality of labors and production factors and on the basic of the principle that efficiency goes first while fairness is regarded． However,there are still many other reasons except the above that cause the income gap in the economic reality during the period of pattern transforming， such as the factors of nature，history,systems，policy and human behaviors．The rational disparity resulted from market function Can activate economy efficiency and fasten the economy developmerit，but the unreasonable disparity may cause a series of negative effects，such as breaking the society steady,restricting effective demands，keeping national economy from the everlasting and healthy development and twisting people S value conception．The unreasonable enlargement of