Chapter4First-orderCircuit研讨.pptVIP

* * 某点切距的长度 t2-t1 = ? t vc 0 ? t1 t2 Geometry meaning of time constant ? * 特征方程 Lp+R=0 特征根 p = iL K(t=0) VS L + – vL R R1 2、 RL source-free (energy-released) circuit And the common solution通解: How to find A？i.e. the special solution特解. * iL K(t=0) VS L + – vL R R1 From i(0+)= I0 to determine A A= i(0+)= I0 * -RI0 vL t I0 t i 0 Let ? = L/R , ? is also called as time constant * iL (0+) = iL(0-) = 1 A vV (0+)= - 10000V, will damage V iL K(t=0) + – vV 4H 10? V RV 10k? 10V The voltage rating 额定 of voltmeter：50V。Switching happens at t=0, Find vv and analyze the result. Example Solution where * Summary of source-free circuit 1. 一阶电路的零输入响应是由储能元件的初值引起的响应 , 都是由初始值衰减为零的指数衰减函数。 2. 衰减快慢取决于时间常数? 。 R C电路： ? = RC , RL电路：? = L/R 3. 同一电路中所有响应具有相同的时间常数。 * §4.4 Zero-state response 储能元件初始能量为零，电路在输入激励作用下产生的响应。 Zero-state response KVL： 一阶线性非齐次常微分方程 1. RC zero-state (energy-charged充电) circuit i K(t=0) VS + – vR C + – vC R vC (0-)=0 * i K(t=0) VS + – vR C + – vC R vC (0-)=0 Solution： 非齐次方程的一个特解 对应齐次方程的通解 齐次方程 的通解 When t → ∞，capacitor is treated as an open-circuit A special solution is The complete solution： * vC (0+)=A+VS= 0 ? A= – VS i K(t=0) VS + – vR C + – vC R vC (0-)=0 How to find A？ From initial condition * Forced response强制分量(稳态) Natural response自由分量(暂态) -VS vC vC VS t i 0 t vc 0 * iL(0-)=0 iL K(t=0) VS + – vR L + – vL R 2、 RL zero-state (energy-charged充电) circuit KVL： 一阶线性非齐次常微分方程 A special solution Common solution * vL VS t 0 t iL 0 iL(0-)=0 iL K(t=0) VS + – vR L + – vL R * §4.5 Complete response全响应of first-order circuit Complete response：responses excited by independent sources with non-zero initial condition.非零初始状态的电路受到激励时电路中产生的响应。 Complete response = zero-state response + zero-input response P108-11,12,18 * i K(t=0) VS + – vR C + – vC R vC (0-)=V0 i K(t=0) VS + – vR C + – vC R = vC (0-)=0 + vC (0-)=V0 C + – vC i K(t=0) + – vR R Zero-state response Zero-input response * t vc 0 VS Zero-state response 全响应 Zero-input response V0 Zero-input r