(参考)第7章采购及外包战略.pptVIP

贸易交易的正面因素(采用交易的公司) 减少成本或劳务 (31%) 更好地接近产品 / 销售商 (24%) 提高速度或效率 (29%) 接近更多的客户 (21%) Source: AMR Research Positive Aspects of Trading Exchanges (Companies who plan to use exchanges): Reduce costs or labor (43%) Better access to products/vendors (26%) Increase speed or efficiency (23%) Access to more customers (10%) Source: AMR Research 贸易交易的正面因素(计划采用交易的公司) 减少成本或劳务 (43%) 更好地接近产品 / 销售商 (26%) 提高速度或效率 (23%) 更好地接近客户 (10%) Source: AMR Research Negative Aspects of Trading Exchanges (Companies use exchanges): Security trust (17%) Start Up cost (5%) Loss of face-to-face relationships (12%) Lack of standards (5%) Immature technology (5%) Integration issues (7%) Source: AMR Research 贸易交易的负面因素(采用交易的公司) 安全保障 (17%) 启动成本 (5%) 面对面关系的损失 (12%) 缺乏标准 (5%) 不成熟的技术 (5%) 整合问题 (7%) Source: AMR Research Negative Aspects of Trading Exchanges (Companies who plan to use exchanges): Security trust (16%) Start Up cost (15%) Loss of face-to-face relationships (11%) Lack of standards (6%) Immature technology (6%) Integration issues (4%) Pricing pressure (6%) Source: AMR Research 贸易交易的负面因素(计划采用交易的公司) 安全保障 (16%) 启动成本 (15%) 面对面关系的损失 (11%) 缺乏标准 (6%) 不成熟的技术 (6%) 整合问题 (4%) 定价压力 (6%) Source: AMR Research Outsourcing An “easy way” to increase profits Nike, Cisco, Apple outsource most of their manufacturing Each could focus on research, marketing Each has gotten into trouble 2001 – Nike reported unexpected profit shortfalls due to inventory problems 2000 – Cisco had to write down billions in obsolete inventory 1999 – Apple was unable to meet customer demand for new products 外包 增加利润的“简单方法 耐克、思科和苹果公司外包其大部分生产 可以关注研究与营销 每家公司都遇到了问题 2001年 – 耐克公司报告由于库存问题而导致意外的利润下降 2000年 – 思科公司处理了数十亿美元的过期库存 1999年 – 苹果公司不能满足客户对新产品的需求 Outsourcing Benefits and Risks Benefits Economies of scale reduce manufacturing costs Risk pooling – demand uncertainties are transferred Reduced capital investment Focus on core competencies Increased flexibility Risks Loss of competitive knowledge Conflicting objectives Flexibility vs. long-