Lecture_digestive-respiratory_S_F.ppt

SPLANCHNOLOGY I Introduction Definition of Splanchology The chracteristics of general structure of viscera The composition and function of viscera The Reference Line of the Thorax and abdominal region The chracteristics of viscera in structure Mucosa (mucous membrane –epithelial cells secrete enzymes and mucus), Submucosa (loose connective tissue – houses blood and lymph vessels), Muscularis (two layers of smooth muscle - for peristalsis); Serosa (serous membrane – secretes serous fluid to prevent sticking). (2). the parenchymatous organ -glandular tissue (epithelial substance) -connective tissue membrane covering the organ  -porta /hilum where vessels and nerve pass  through (in and out) 4. The Reference Lines of the Thorax (胸部标志线) 1. anterior median line (前正中线) 2. sternal line (胸骨线) 3. midclavicular line (锁骨中线) 4. parasternal line (胸骨旁线) The Reference Line for the Abdominal Regions (九分法) Two Vertical lines – midclavicular Transpyloric line – inferior costal margin Transtubercle line – tubercles of iliac crests digestive glands(2) The Components of the Digestive System 2.Functions of the digestive system Ingestion Taking of food and liquid into the mouth (eating) Secretion Cells secrete ~7 litres of fluids per day Mixing and Propulsion Mixing and movement of material along GI tract is termed motility Digestion Mechanical Chemical Absorption Defecation Indigestible material eliminated as fauces during defecation 3. Oral Cavity=Mouth 4. The Pharyny 咽 General features A fibromuscular tube From base of skull to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage (C6 level) Three parts:鼻咽,口咽,喉咽 From the base of skull to soft palate Features Tubal elevation咽鼓管圆枕 Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube 咽鼓管咽口,下鼻甲后端2CM ----小儿咽鼓管特点：短、宽、平，所以中耳炎多见。 Pharyngeal recess 咽隐窝 -----鼻咽癌好发部位，距破裂孔约1CM，可经此颅内蔓延 Pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃体 Tubal tosil 咽鼓管扁桃体 Laryngopharynx 喉咽posterior to larynx fro