临沂市酸雨特征及其与气象条件的关系.docVIP

临沂市酸雨特征及其与气象条件的关系 　　摘要 根据临沂市气象观测站2003―2013年11年间617次酸雨观测资料，计算和分析了临沂降水pH值、酸雨频率的年际和季节变化特征，研究了酸雨与风向、风速等气象条件的关系。结果表明，临沂市11年间酸雨平均pH值为4.84，酸雨频率为47.0%，2003―2013年间酸雨频率呈下降趋势。季节变化特征为秋季和冬季酸雨频率较大，春季和夏季酸雨频率较小，表明秋、冬季两季的酸雨污染比春、夏两季严重。当风速≤3.0 m/s时，酸雨发生频率达67.6%，随着风速的增大，酸雨发生频率越来越小。当风向为偏东北风和偏东南风时，酸雨发生的机会偏大。 　　关键词 酸雨；特征；pH值；频率；气象条件；山东临沂 　　中图分类号 X517 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2014）15-0269-03 　　Characteristcs of Acid Rain in Linyi City and Its Relationship with Meteorological Conditions 　　SONG Ying-hua ZHUANG Zhong WU Zhong-zhen 　　（Meteorological Bureau of Linyi City in Shandong Province，Linyi Shandong 276004） 　　Abstract According to the 617 acid rain observation data of 11 years during 2003 to 2013 of Linyi meteorological observation，the interannual and seasonal variability characteristics of Linyi precipitation pH value，the frequency of acid rain，acid rain and the wind，the wind and other weather conditions were analyzed and calculated. The results showed that，the average acid rain pH value of 11 years in Linyi City was 4.84，acid rain frequency was 47.0%，the frequency of acid rain decreased during 2003 to 2013. Seasonal variation characteristics was the frequency of acid rain in autumn and winter was high，the frequency of acid rain in spring and summer was small，showed that acid rain pollution in autumn and winter was more serious than in spring and summer. When the wind speed was ≤ 3.0 m/s，acid rain frequency was 67.6%，with the increase of wind speed，occurrence frequency of acid rain was more and more small. When the wind direction was northeast wind and partial southeast wind，the chance of acid rain was high. 　　Key words acid rain；characteristics；pH value；frequency；meteorological conditions；Linyi Shandong 　　酸雨通常是指pH值低于5.60的大气降水。酸雨状况主要用降水pH均值和酸雨频率2个指标来表征。环境酸化是严重威胁世界生态安全的环境问题之一，酸雨是环境酸化的具体表现。它破坏植被，严重危害农作物，酸化土壤、水域，造成水生和陆地生态失衡，加速岩石风化和金属腐蚀，危害人体健康。因此，科学分析酸雨特征及其与气象条件的关系，对生态建设和环境保护具有重要意义。有关酸雨成因、降水化学离子分析、酸雨年际变化及分布规律以及控制酸雨的对策措施等方面，国内外都开展了大量的试验及观测研究，取得一些研究成果。秦 鹏等在对1992―2004年广州地区的降水资料研究中发现