花生干物质积累、养分吸收及分配规律.docVIP

花生干物质积累、养分吸收及分配规律 　　摘要：采用田间小区试验的方法，研究了花生不同生育时期干物质积累量、氮磷钾养分吸收量及在不同器官的分配规律。结果表明，干物质积累量在苗期最少，至结荚期积累量达到生育期总干物质量的57.70%。根系和叶片干物质积累主要在生育前期，茎干物质积累主要在生育中期，结荚期是荚果干物质积累的关键时期。花生对氮磷钾养分吸收量为氮钾磷，形成100 kg荚果产量需要N 4.01 kg、P2O5 1.56 kg、K2O 2.65 kg。随着生育期的推进，根、茎、叶的氮磷钾养分吸收量所占比例逐渐降低，荚果的吸收量所占比例逐渐增加，结荚期是养分吸收的关键时期。生产中应结合花生的生理需肥特性和肥料性质合理施肥。 　　关键词：花生；干物质积累；养分吸收 　　中图分类号：S565.201 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）13-2992-03 　　Dry Matter Accumulation，Nutrient Uptake and Distribution of Peanut 　　WANG Xiu-juan，LI Bo，HE Zhi-gang，WANG Ren 　　（Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources， Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shenyang 110161， China） 　　Abstract： A field experiment was conducted to study the accumulation of dry matter， nutrient uptake and distribution at different growth stages of peanut. The results showed that dry matter accumulation was the least in seedling stage and reached 57.70% of the total dry matter during fruiting period. Dry matter accumulation of root and leaf were in the early growth stage. Stem dry matter accumulation was mainly in the middle growth period. Fruiting period was the key period of pod dry matter accumulation. The nutrient uptake was absorbed as N 4.01 kg，P2O5 1.56 kg，K2O 2.65 kg， with an order of N P2O5K2O to attain the pod yield of 100 kg. With the progress of growth period ，nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in root， stem， leaf absorption ratio gradually reduced and increased in pod. Fruiting period was the key period of nutrient absorption. Rational soil fertilization should take the nutrient requirement characteristics of peanut and the properties of chemical fertilizers into account. 　　Key words： peanut； dry matter accumulation； nutrient uptake 　　花生是我国重要的经济作物，又是重要的工业原料，用途广泛，在国民经济中有较高地位。近几年花生已成为辽宁省第三大种植作物，平均单产为2 250 kg/hm2 左右，低于全国平均水平，其增产潜力较大。科学合理的施肥技术，将是提高其产量的重要途径。然而农民为了使作物获得较高产量，普遍存在着过量或不合理施用肥料的现象，从而导致作物产量不高、肥料利用率低等问题，更令人担忧的是引起环境恶化[1，2]。一定数量的肥料，如何做到既经济又能对产量发挥最大的作用，是作物高产合理施肥中亟须解决的问题之一。 　　肥料的施用方法对作物产量及肥料利用率有显著影响，了解作物对养分的吸收及积累对合理施肥是