相平衡英文.ppt

Chapter 5 Phase equilibrium 5 Phase equilibrium 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Equilibrium condition of heterogeneous system 5.3 Phase rule 5.4 Phase diagram of single component 5.5 Phase diagram of two components 5.6 Phase diagram of three components 5.1 Introduction Phase The part whose physical and chemical properties are completely even is called phase. There is an obvious interface between two phases, the change of microcosmic properties in the interface is flight type. The total system phase is called phase number, we use ? to stand for it. 5.1 Introduction Gas No matter how many gases commix, there is only one gas phase. Solid Generally, one kind of solid has one phase. No matter how evenly two solid powder commix, they are still two phases. Phase Diagram 5.2 Equilibrium conditions in heterogeneous system In a closed multi-phases system, there can be transition of heat, work and material. There are four equilibrium conditions. 1 thermo-equilibrium condition: suppose system has phases α, β,…… , F when it get equilibrium, every phases has the same temperature. 5.2 equilibrium conditions of heterogeneous system 2 pressure equilibrium condition: 5.3 Phase rule 5.3.1 Number of independent component Definition: 5.3.2 Degree of freedom The number of independent intension variable which confirm the equilibrium system state is called degree of freedom, f. These intension variable usually called P, T, concentration and so on. 5.3.2 Degree of freedom If certain intension variable is fixed, the other intension variable except this variable is called condition freedom degree, f*. For example: P is fixed 5.3.3 Phase rule Phase rule shows the relationship of phase number ? , independent component number C and the free degree f. “2” indicate