《执业中药师中药学消食药》.docVIP

第十三单元　消食药 一、概念：以消食化积为主要功效，治疗食积停滞证的药物。　　二、功效及主治：功能消食化积，适应于食积停滞证。症见脘腹胀满，嗳腐吞酸，恶心呕吐，不思饮食，大便失常等。　　三、注意配伍健脾药，清热药，攻下药等。　　山楂 　　　　① 消食化积：善消油腻肉食积滞。应用：食滞不化之脘腹胀满、泻痢腹痛。　　②活血散瘀：产后恶露不尽，瘀阻腹痛及痛经。胸痹疼痛；疝气坠痛。　　麦芽 　　　　① 消食和中：善消米面薯芋等淀粉性积滞。应用：食积不化，消化不良，脘闷腹胀等证。　　② 回乳：妇女断乳或乳汁郁结所致乳房胀痛。　　③ 疏肝解郁：肝郁气滞或肝胃不和之胁痛，脘腹痛。　　煎汤，10～15g，大剂量30～120g；或入丸散。消积宜炒焦用，疏肝宜生用。回乳可用至60g。　　神曲　　消食和胃：消食兼能 解表。　　应用：饮食积滞证，尤宜于 食积兼外感表邪者。　　丸剂中有金石贝壳类药物，可用本品 糊丸。　　神曲、麦芽、山楂的比较：　　均有消食和中之功，均治疗饮食积滞、消化不良等证。　　其中：　　神曲消导之力较强，消食兼能解表，多用于食积兼外感表邪者，并能助金石药物的消化吸收。　　麦芽善消米、面、薯、芋等淀粉类食积，又能回乳，用于妇女断乳或乳汁郁积乳房胀痛等症。　　山楂善消肉食油腻之积，且能活血化瘀。用于产后瘀血腹痛、恶露不尽等。　　莱菔子　　　　① 消食除胀：消食力强，兼行气消胀。1）食积气滞，脘腹胀满，嗳腐吞酸。2）泻痢腹痛，里急后重。　　②降气化痰：痰涎壅盛之气喘咳嗽。　　鸡内金　　　　① 运脾消食：善消各种积滞。应用：1）食积停滞不化；2）小儿脾虚疳积。　　② 固精止遗：遗精遗尿。　　③化坚消石：泌尿系结石及肝胆结石。　　稻芽　　来源：禾本科植物稻的成熟果实经发芽干燥的炮制加工品。　　性味归经：甘，平。归脾、胃经。　　功效： 消食和中，健脾开胃。　　主治病证：　　①食积证。　　②脾虚食少证。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve le