改革开放后国基础教育发展中问题的反思及前瞻.doc

改革开放后中国基础教育发展中问题的反思及前瞻 金忠明 李福春[①] （华东师范大学 教育学系，上海 200062） [摘 要]改革开放三十年来，中国基础教育发展经历了以恢复常规、尊师重教为特征的启动阶段，以教育体制改革为关键的宏观变革阶段，以推进“素质教育”为中心的微观改革阶段及以提高质量、均衡发展和制度创新为重点的教育改革深化阶段。在社会整体转型背景下，中国基础教育事业在改革和发展中凸显出历史问题的集聚与现实问题的碰撞。主要表现为数量与质量冲突的目标问题、草根与精英分岔的动力问题、传承与创新对峙的功能问题、渐进与突变博弈的路径问题以及事功与立人抵牾的性质问题。应从六方面加深对中国基础教育变革中问题的认识：一是变革方略的整体性，二是变革价值的基础性，三是变革深度的转型性，四是变革评估的针对性，五是变革问题的复杂性，六是变革过程的持续性。 [关键词]中国基础教育；问题；反思；前瞻 The Reflection and Foresight on the Problems in the Development of Chinese Basic Education Since the Introduction of the Reform and Opening up Policy Jin Zhongming Li Fuchun (Department of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China) Abstract: In the 30 years of the introduction of the reform and opening up policy, the development of Chinese basic education has experienced four phases: starting-up phase: characterized by resuming regular teaching and respecting teachers and their teaching; macroscopically changing phase: centered the reform the education system; microcosmic reform phase: centered the promotion of the Quality-oriented Education; deepening the education reform phase: improving the education quality, balancing development and innovating the education system. Chinese basic education is faced with the collision of history and reality problems in the process of revolution and development under the background of the transformation of the whole society. Five main problems appeared: the goal problem of the conflict of the quantity and quality; the power problem of the dislocation between civilian and elites; the function problem of the confrontation of heritage and innovation; the path problem of choosing to be gradually or suddenly; the nature problem of the incompatibility with utility and quality. We can deepen the understanding of the change of Chinese basic education problem from six aspects: the integrity of strategy reform; the base of value reform; the transformation of the depth reform; the pertinence of evaluating evolution; the co