《理论力学》双语教学 第四章 摩擦(84P).pptx

T h eor e t i ca l M ech a n i csCh a p t e r 4 : F r i c t i o nCh a p t e r 4 : F r i c t i o n第四章 摩擦第四章 摩擦Intr odu ction 引言S lid ing fr iction 滑动摩擦§ 4 –1§ 4 –1§ 4 –2§ 4 –2Ch a p t e r 4 : F r i c t i o nCh a p t e r 4 : F r i c t i o n第四章 摩擦第四章 摩擦Eq u ilibr iu m pr oblem s w ith 考虑摩擦时的平衡问题R olling fr iction 滚动摩擦§ 4 –3§ 4 –3§ 4 –4§ 4 –4fr ictionC la ss of exer cises 习题课§ 4 -1 Intr odu ction§ 4 -1 Intr odu ction§ 4- 1 引言§ 4- 1 引言Until now , in solving problems of statics, w e regarded the surfaces of contact as absolutely smooth neglecting friction betw een bodies. In fact surfaces w ithout friction do not exist, friction exists, in general.前几章我们把接触表面都看成是绝对光滑的， 忽略了物体之间的摩擦， 事实上完全光滑的表面是不存在的， 一般 情况下都存在有摩擦。[ Exa m ple] [ 例]The sy stem is in equilibrium only if friction is taken into account.平衡必计摩擦. w hy shall w e study friction?一、 为什么研究摩擦？. The w ay to study friction, to master its law s, to use the advantages of friction and toovercome its shortages.二、 怎样研究摩擦， 掌握规律利用其利， 克服其害。3 . A ccording to the motion of the surfaces of contact三、 按接触面的运动情况看：S liding Friction Rolling Frictionfriction can be classified into滑动摩擦 滚动摩擦摩擦分为§ 4 -2 S lid ing Fr iction§ 4 -2 S lid ing Fr iction§ 4- 2 滑动摩擦§ 4 - 2 滑动摩擦1 . S tatic force of friction 一、 静滑动摩擦力1 Concept: W hen tw o bodies can slide on each other a force of friction is developed at the surface of contact w hich prevents themotion of the bodies. It is called static force of friction. it is equalto the tangential constraint reaction force w ith w hich the surface of contact acts on the bodies1、 定义： 相接触物体， 产生相对滑动（ 趋势） 时， 其接触面 产生阻止物体运动的力叫滑动摩擦力。（ 就是接触面对物体 作用的切向约束反力）2 S ta tu s: 2、 状态：①static:①静止： F F g row ing w i th P i s a n unfix ed v a lue P F 不 固 定 值 Pf — the coefficient of static②critical:It is going to start to slidefrictionfFm a x②临界：（ 将滑未滑）N （ f — 静滑动摩擦系数）③sliding:③滑动：f — the coefficient of kinetic friction（ f — 动摩擦系数）Ff N The w ay s to increase the force of friction: 所以增大摩擦力的途径为：①increase of the f