说话人说了p.pptVIP

The Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle Made by 万雅思 魏源 李莎莎 薛冰 胡学超 The Theory of Conversational Implicature Speaking means that we express the meaning through language, and this meaning usually divide into two parts, that is： The literal meaning The implied meaning According to the content, it includes two groups: The direct speaking content The indirect speaking content The direct speaking content--------The literal meaning The indirect speaking content-------The implied meaning the convention the non-convention What did you say? There are two understandings about this sentence. First, we really didn’t hear it clearly. Second, we know its literal meaning,but do not understand its purpose. Therefore, there is always some distance between the utterance and the true purpose. And this true purpose refers to the coverastional implicature. Annie:Was the dessert any good？Mark：Annie,cherry pie is cherry pie. By saying“cherry pie is cherry pie”instead of making a direct “yes”or “no”, clearly Mike insends to communicate more than what is said and assumes Annie understands it. This additionally conveyed meaning is called a conversational implicature,often referred to as an implicature. A: Are you going to John’s birthday party?B: I’ve heard Marry is going. Unlike presupposition and entailment, implicature are inferences that can not on the context of the utterence and shared knowledge between the speaker and the listener. The cooperative principle Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. -----Grice The Maxim of CP The Maxim of Quantity The Maxim of Quality The Maxim of Relation The Maxim of Manner The Maxim of Quantity Make your contribution as informative as is required(for the current purpose of the exchange). Do not make your contribution more informative th