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guidelinesforthepreparationoffinalpapersfor e u m e t s t（ guidelinesforthepreparationoffinalpapersfor e u m e t s a t）.doc

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guidelinesforthepreparationoffinalpapersfor e u m e t s t（ guidelinesforthepreparationoffinalpapersfor e u m e t s a t）

On Thin Ice? Contamination Effects on Meteosat/SEVIRI Calibration Tim J. Hewison, Johannes Müller, Rebeca Gutiérrez-López EUMETSAT, Eumetsat-Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany Abstract The inter-calibration of the infrared channels of the geostationary Meteosat-9/SEVIRI satellite instrument shows most channels are radiometrically consistent with Metop-A/IASI, which is used as a reference instrument. However, the 13.4?μm channel shows a cold bias of ~1?K in warm scenes, which changes with time. This has previously been shown to be consistent with the contamination of SEVIRI by a layer of ice ~1?μm thick building up on the optics, which modifies the spectral response functions and hence the weighting functions of channels in stronger atmospheric absorption bands, thus introducing an apparent calibration error. Analysis of the radiometer’s gain using views of the on board black body source and cold space confirmed a loss consistent with transmission through a layer of comparable thickness, which also increases the radiometric noise – especially for channels near the 12?μm libration band of water ice. Inter-calibration, such as the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) Correction, offers an empirical method to correct this bias. During 2012-2013, the observed biases for the IR channels of SEVIRI on Meteosat-10 were found to change much more rapidly than for Meteosat-8 or -9. This was expected because Meteosat-10 was only launched on 5 July 2012 and the rate of outgassing and contamination is greater during the early period of a satellite’s life. The availability of Metop-A/IASI during this period allows us to study the influence of this rapidly changing contamination in detail for the first time. The results show that not only is the 13.4?μm channel strongly influenced, but also that the shorter wavelength channels experience rapid changes in calibration bias. Although this effect is small (max ±0.5?K for the 3.9?μm channel), it changes in a sinu