中国农产品贸易现状.docxVIP

摘 要20世纪90年代以来，中国农产品对外贸易快速增长，在1990年时进出口总额为192.3亿美元，到加入WTO时为279.1亿美元，此后贸易增加更为明显，到2013年中国农产品对外贸易总额已达到1866.9亿美元。农产品对外贸易的快速发展促进了中国农业经济的发展，农业生产规模也在不断地扩大，而在农业生产过程中化肥、农药、农用柴油、农用塑料薄膜等化学用品的使用量也在不断增加，由此产生的环境污染日益严重。农业贸易自由化与农业环境之间的问题也越来越引起人们的关注，因此研究农业贸易自由化对农业环境的影响具有重要的意义。本文在前人对贸易自由化与环境保护之间关系的研究基础之上，分析农业贸易自由化和农用化学品对农业环境的影响，最终提出中国在应对负面影响时所采取的策略。全文从四个部分展开分析。第一部分是贸易自由化的基本原理，此部分阐述贸易自由化的基本原理以及贸易自由化对环境影响的理论分析。第二部分陈述中国农产品贸易的现状、特征以及农用化学品的使用情况。第三部分分析农业贸易自由化对农业环境的影响，包括农业贸易自由化的环境效应和农用化学物资对环境的影响。第四部分得出结论：结合中国农业发展的实际情况，提出农业贸易自由化下保护农业环境的策略。本文以规模、结构、技术、收入、管制和贸易条件六个方面为基础来分析农业贸易自由化对农业环境产生的影响，然后根据农用化学品的使用情况阐述其对农业环境的影响。在大力建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的今天，应采取以下的措施来应对农业贸易自由化对农业环境的影响：优化农产品贸易结构；不断完善相关的环境政策；加强技术引进；逐渐实现农业环境成本内部化；加大农业科研投入力度。关键词：农业贸易自由化；农业环境；环境效应AbstractSince 1990s, Chinas international trade in agricultural products has been developing rapidly. In 1990, the total export-import volume was $ 19.23 billion. After entering WTO, it was $ 27.91 billion, and after that trade has increased more evidently. Till 2013, the total export-import volume of Chinas international trade in agricultural products has reached $ 186.69 billion. The fast development of agricultural products in international trade has promoted the development of Chinas agricultural economy, with the expansion of the scale of agricultural trade. At the same time, the use of agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides has been increasing; the environmental pollution resulting from this has also becoming more and more serious. The matters between agricultural trade liberalization and agricultural environment have aroused people’s attention. Therefore the study on the influence of agricultural trade liberalization on agricultural environment has important significance. Based on the predecessors’ research on the relationship between agricultural trade liberalization and environmental protection, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural trade liberalization and agricultural chemicals on the agricultural environment, and finally p