基于财政视角下浅析水源地流域生态环境现状及防护对策.docVIP

基于财政视角下浅析水源地流域生态环境现状及防护对策——以大连市为例 摘要：水资源是人类及一切生物赖以生存的必不可少的重要物质，是工业生产、经济发展和环境改善不可替代的极为宝贵的自然财富。大连是一个水资源严重短缺的城市，随着社会经济的发展和人口的增长，人们对水资源的需求量大幅度增长，再加上水污染的加剧，使已经有限的水资源更加短缺，水资源短缺已成为大连市经济可持续发展的制约因素，保护好现有水源地生态环境关系到大连市用水安全问题。通过对水源地流域调研发现，大连市水源地面临着经济发展的诸多困境，政府财力有限，工农业发展受限，生态环境保护和建设投入成本高。为了帮助水源地流域走出以“贫困”换取水源地保护的困境，实现大连市水源地流域可持续发展，应运用财政政策，如转移支付、财政基金、税收优惠等，对水源地进行保护。 关键词：水资源流域 生态环境补偿 财政政策 Abstract: Water resource is an important material essential to human and all living things, is a very valuable natural wealth for the industrial production, economic development and environmental improvement can not be replaced. Dalian is a serious shortage of water resources in the city, along with the social economic development and population growth, the demand for water is greatly increased, and water pollution, which has limited further shortage of water resources, water shortage has become a constraining factor of sustainable development in Dalian, protect the existing water ecological environment in relation to water security problem of Dalian. Through the investigation on water basin, Dalian facing many difficulties in economic development, the government limited financial resources, agricultural and industrial development and the high cost of construction. In order to help water basin out of “poverty” in exchange for the protection of water resources situation, realize the sustainable development of water basin in Dalian, should use fiscal policy, such as the transfer payment, fiscal fund, tax concessions, the water source protection. Keywords: River basin water resources The ecological environment compensation Fiscal policy 前 言 大连市水源地的污染较为严重。水污染的总结是：“上游污染较为严重，农业非点源污染较轻，此外还存在工业污染和生活污染等情况。“目前，大部分污水没有经过处理直接或间接排入河流、湖泊，尤其是水源重点保护区的个别排污口没有得到有效治理和保护。大连市水源上游地区水质不达标的情况依然不乐观。除上述一般污染外，现有饮用水的水源地还存在着大量的潜伏性伤害。因此，水源地生态环境的保护和治理是必不可少的。 近年来，大连市政府为了保护水资源也相应的颁布了一些与生态环境相关的法律法规，旨在从政策限制方面达到保护水资源的目的，它不仅制约和影响了工业水的使用，还造成了巨大的经济成本，形成经济负担。目前财政支出给与生态水源建设强有力的支持，不同程度的改进了大连市地区的生态环境，绿色植被覆盖面积增