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* Lecture 2 ended here * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Crystallographic Planes (HCP) In hexagonal unit cells the same idea is used example a1 a2 a3 c 4. Miller-Bravais Indices (1011) 1. Intercepts 1 ? -1 1 2. Reciprocals 1 1/? 1 0 -1 -1 1 1 3. Reduction 1 0 -1 1 a2 a3 a1 z Adapted from Fig. 3.8(a), Callister 7e. SKIP * Crystallographic Planes We want to examine the atomic packing of crystallographic planes Iron foil can be used as a catalyst. The atomic packing of the exposed planes is important. Draw (100) and (111) crystallographic planes for Fe. b) Calculate the planar density for each of these planes. * Planar Density of (100) Iron Solution:? At T 912?C iron has the BCC structure. (100) Radius of iron R = 0.1241 nm R 3 3 4 a = Adapted from Fig. 3.2(c), Callister 7e. 2D repeat unit = Planar Density = a 2 1 atoms 2D repeat unit = nm2 atoms 12.1 m2 atoms = 1.2 x 1019 1 2 R 3 3 4 area 2D repeat unit * Planar Density of (111) Iron Solution (cont):? (111) plane 1 atom in plane/ unit surface cell 3 3 3 2 2 R 3 16 R 3 4 2 a 3 ah 2 area = ÷ ÷ ? ? ? ? è ? = = = atoms in plane atoms above plane atoms below plane a h 2 3 = a 2 2D repeat unit 1 = = nm2 atoms 7.0 m2 atoms 0.70 x 1019 3 2 R 3 16 Planar Density = atoms 2D repeat unit area 2D repeat unit * Section 3.16?- X-Ray Diffraction Diffraction gratings must have spacings comparable to the wavelength of diffracted radiation. Can’t resolve spacings ? ? Spacing is the distance between parallel planes of atoms. ? * X-Rays to Determine Crystal Structure X-ray intensity (from detector) q q c d = n l 2 sin q c Measurement of critical angle, qc, allows computation of planar spacing, d. ? Incoming X-rays diffract from crystal planes. Adapted from Fig. 3.19, Callister 7e. reflections must be in phase for a detectable signal spacing between planes d incoming X-rays outgoing X-rays detector q l q extra distance travelled by wave “2