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chapter10airmassesandfronts-cimss(34页)
Air Masses and Fronts
As he turned to go he spat speculatively. There was a sharp explosive crackle that startled him. He spat again. And again in the air, before it could fall to the snow, the spittle crackled. He knew that at fifty degrees below zero spittle cracked on the ground, but this spittle had crackled in the air. Undoubtedly it was colder than fifty below(how much colder he did not know.
To Build a Fire, J. London
The man in this story was certainly not walking in a subtropical high pressure region. He was walking in the Arctic, and probably would have welcomed a change in weather. The Arctic is a source of cold air, which can sweep southward affecting the weather of a region as far south as the subtropical highs. If this happens in spring, the weather is often unwelcome as it can cause massive agricultural economic losses. As damaging as the cold arctic air mass may be, it never arrives at subtropical latitudes as cold as in Londons story because it warms as it moves southward.
The movement of extremely cold and hot air masses has historically influenced the geographic regions humans inhabit. Throughout human evolution, air masses that dominated a given location determined the degree to which humans needed shelter and clothing, how they found or grew food, and the type of transportation they developed. Even with todays powerful engines, transportation can grind to a halt with bad weather conditions. A wintry air mass can cause icy roadways, runways, and sidewalks and hamper travel. Extremely cold weather can drain a car battery causing the vehicle to fail to start. In cold climates, engines are equipped with electric warmers to make starting them easier. Extremely hot air masses can also cause difficult travel conditions. For example, hot air masses can cause engines to overheat.
Hot weather in particular can lead to stressful conditions that affect human health and mortality rates. Humans can, and have, adapted physiologically to differe
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