lecture physiologyof blood（讲座physiologyof血）（11页）.docVIP

Lecture: Physiology of Blood I. Components, Characteristics, Functions of Blood A. Major Components of Blood 1. formed elements - the actual cellular components of blood (special connective tissue) a. erythrocytes - red blood cells b. leukocytes - white blood cells c. platelets - cell fragments for clotting 2. blood plasma - complex non-cellular fluid surrounding formed elements; protein electrolytes B. Separation of Components in a Centrifuge VOLUME LAYER 1. clear/yellowish PLASMA 55% top 2. thin/whitish buffy coat 1% middle with LEUKOCYTES PLATELETS 3. reddish mass - ERYTHROCYTES 45% bottom hematocrit - percentage by VOLUME of erythrocytes when blood is centrifuged (normal = 45%) C. Characteristics of Blood 1. bright red (oxygenated) 2. dark red/purplish (unoxygenated) 3. much more dense than pure water 4. pH range from 7.35 to 7.45 (slightly alkaline) 5. slightly warmer than body temperature 100.4 F 6. typical volume in adult male 5-6 liters 7. typical volume in adult female 4-5 liters 8. typically 8% of body weight D. Major Functions of Blood 1. Distribution Transport a. oxygen from lungs to body cells b. carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs c. nutrients from GI tract to body cells d. nitrogenous wastes from body cells to kidneys e. hormones from glands to body cells 2. Regulation (maintenance of homeostasis) a. maintenance of normal body pH i. blood proteins (albumin) bicarbonate b. maintenance of circulatory/interstitial fluid electrolytes aid blood proteins (albumin) c. maintenance of temperature (blushed skin) 3. Protection a. platelets and proteins seal vessel damage protection from foreign material infections i. leukocytes, antibodies, complement proteins II. Erythrocytes (red blood ells; RBCs) A. Structure 1. 7.5 micron diameter; 2.0 micron thick biconcave disk shape; ideal for gas exchange i. spectrin - elastic protein; allows shape change 3. mature cells are anucleate (no