翻译的层次[精选].ppt

Chapter III Units and Levels of Translation 1 Word Selection in Translation Focus: 1. Importance of word selection in translation 2. Difficulties in determining word meanings in translation 2.1 similarities and diversities between word meaning in translation 2.2 correspondence between English and Chinese 2.3How to determine the word meanings in translation 3.1varieties of word meanings 3.2determination based on context, cultural association and style 1.1 Importance of word selection in translation Some students may believe that translation is easy so long as you have learnt enough English words and Chinese characters. They take it for granted that there must be one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and English. However, well-experienced translators are often baffled by the accuracy of word selection in translation as most of English words and some of Chinese characters are polysemous. There go some sayings about the meanings of words: “Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words.” “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” “Any meaning people give to a word is automatically its real meaning under those circumstances.” “Meaning depends on people’s attitude and depends on circumstances.” A word used in different context may share various meanings. Just take “sharp” as an example sharp ears 灵敏的听觉 sharp boys 机灵的孩子 sharp trader 精明的商贩 sharp smell 刺鼻的味道 sharp voice 刺耳的声音 sharp tongue 尖刻的语言 sharp temper 急躁的脾气 sharp pain 剧烈的伤痛 sharp work 紧张的劳作 sharp criticism 严厉的批评 sharp look-out 机警的提防 sharp features 分明的轮廓 sharp contrast 鲜明的对比 sharp struggle 激烈的斗争 sharp walk 轻快的脚步 sharp frost 刺骨的霜冻 The example shows that the meanings of an English word may enjoy great flexibility and vacillation, which lead to a lot of difficulties in word selection while we are translating English into Chinese. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and see how t